C Program to perform Matrix Transpose

Posted in C Tutorial

Updated on Jan 11, 2024

By Mari Selvan

👁️ 55 - Views

⏳ 4 mins

💬 1 Comment

Photo Credit to CodeToFun

🙋 Introduction

Matrix operations are fundamental in various fields of computer science and mathematics. One common operation is the transpose of a matrix.

Transposing a matrix involves swapping its rows with columns, resulting in a new matrix where the rows of the original matrix become the columns, and vice versa.

In this tutorial, we'll explore a simple yet effective C program that performs the transpose operation on a given matrix.

Understanding and implementing matrix operations is essential for various applications, including graphics, scientific computing, and data manipulation.

📄 Example

Now, let's look at the C code that performs matrix transpose.

transposeMatrix.c

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#include <stdio.h>

// Function to perform matrix transpose
void transposeMatrix(int matrix[10][10], int rows, int cols) {
  int transposedMatrix[10][10];

  // Performing the transpose operation
  for (int i = 0; i < cols; ++i) {
    for (int j = 0; j < rows; ++j) {
      transposedMatrix[i][j] = matrix[j][i];
    }
  }

  // Displaying the transposed matrix
  printf("Transposed Matrix:\n");
  for (int i = 0; i < cols; ++i) {
    for (int j = 0; j < rows; ++j) {
      printf("%d\t", transposedMatrix[i][j]);
    }
    printf("\n");
  }
}

// Driver program
int main() {
  // Replace these values with your matrix dimensions and elements
  int matrix[10][10] = {
    {1, 2, 3},
    {4, 5, 6}
  };
  int rows = 2;
  int cols = 3;

  // Call the function to perform matrix transpose
  transposeMatrix(matrix, rows, cols);

  return 0;
}

💻 Testing the Program

To test the program with a different matrix, replace the values of matrix, rows, and cols in the main function.

Output

Transposed Matrix:
1       4
2       5
3       6

Compile and run the program to see the transposed matrix.

🧠 How the Program Works

The program defines a function transposeMatrix that takes a matrix, number of rows, and number of columns as input and computes the transpose of the matrix.
Inside the function, it uses nested loops to swap the rows with columns and stores the result in a new matrix transposedMatrix.
The transposed matrix is then displayed.

🧐 Understanding the Concept of Matrix Transpose

Matrix transpose is a fundamental operation where the rows and columns of a matrix are swapped. If a matrix has dimensions m×n, its transpose will have dimensions n×m. The element at position (i, j) in the original matrix becomes the element at position (j,i) in the transposed matrix.