Python Program to Perform Matrix Subtraction

Posted in Python Tutorial

Updated on Jan 11, 2024

By Mari Selvan

👁️ 52 - Views

⏳ 4 mins

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Python Program to Perform Matrix Subtraction

Photo Credit to CodeToFun

🙋 Introduction

Matrix subtraction is a fundamental operation in linear algebra and computer science.

Matrix subtraction involves subtracting each element of one matrix from the corresponding element of another matrix of the same order.

In this tutorial, we'll explore a python program that performs matrix subtraction.

In the provided python program, we'll perform matrix subtraction for 3x3 matrices as an example. You can easily modify the program to work with matrices of different sizes.

📄 Example

Let's dive into the python code that performs matrix subtraction.

subtract_matrices.py

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# Function to perform matrix subtraction
def subtract_matrices(mat1, mat2):
    result_matrix = [[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]

    for i in range(3):
        for j in range(3):
            result_matrix[i][j] = mat1[i][j] - mat2[i][j]

    return result_matrix

# Function to display a matrix
def display_matrix(matrix):
    for row in matrix:
        print('\t'.join(map(str, row)))
    print()

# Sample matrices for subtraction
matrix1 = [[5, 8, 2], [7, 4, 9], [3, 6, 1]]
matrix2 = [[3, 1, 7], [6, 9, 2], [8, 5, 4]]

# Perform matrix subtraction
result_matrix = subtract_matrices(matrix1, matrix2)

# Display matrices and result
print("Matrix 1:")
display_matrix(matrix1)

print("Matrix 2:")
display_matrix(matrix2)

print("Resultant Matrix (Matrix1 - Matrix2):")
display_matrix(result_matrix)

💻 Testing the Program

Feel free to replace the sample matrices with your own 3x3 matrices in the main function to test the program with different input.

Output

Matrix 1:
5  8  2
7  4  9
3  6  1

Matrix 2:
3   1   7
6   9   2
8   5   4

Resultant Matrix (Matrix1 - Matrix2):
2   7  -5
1  -5   7
-5  1  -3

Run the program to see the result of the matrix subtraction.

🧠 How the Program Works

The program defines a function subtract_matrices that takes two matrices as input and returns their subtraction in a new matrix.
Another function display_matrix is defined to print a matrix.
Sample 3x3 matrices matrix1 and matrix2 are defined, and matrix subtraction is performed using the subtract_matrices function.
The result is displayed using the display_matrix function.

🧐 Understanding the Concept of Matrix Subtraction

Matrix subtraction is performed element-wise, subtracting the corresponding elements of one matrix from the elements of another matrix. The result is a new matrix of the same order.

In the provided example, the element in the first row and first column of the result matrix is obtained by subtracting the element in the first row and first column of Matrix 2 from the element in the first row and first column of Matrix 1, and so on.

🎉 Conclusion

Matrix subtraction is a fundamental operation in linear algebra and computer science. This C program provides a practical implementation of matrix subtraction and serves as a foundation for more advanced matrix operations.

Feel free to incorporate and modify this code as needed for your specific use case. Happy coding!