Python Program to Perform Matrix Multiplication

Posted in Python Tutorial

Updated on Oct 31, 2024

By Mari Selvan

👁️ 104 - Views

⏳ 4 mins

💬 1 Comment

Python Program to Perform Matrix Multiplication

Photo Credit to CodeToFun

🙋 Introduction

Matrix multiplication is a fundamental operation in linear algebra and computer science. It involves multiplying two matrices to produce a third matrix.

In this tutorial, we will explore a python program that performs matrix multiplication.

We'll break down the logic step by step and provide a sample implementation.

📄 Example

Let's dive into the python code that performs matrix multiplication.

multiply_matrices.py

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# Function to perform matrix multiplication
def multiply_matrices(first_matrix, second_matrix):
    result_matrix = [[0 for _ in range(len(second_matrix[0]))] for _ in range(len(first_matrix))]

    # Perform matrix multiplication
    for i in range(len(first_matrix)):
        for j in range(len(second_matrix[0])):
            for k in range(len(second_matrix)):
                result_matrix[i][j] += first_matrix[i][k] * second_matrix[k][j]

    return result_matrix

# Function to display a matrix
def display_matrix(matrix):
    for row in matrix:
        print('\t'.join(map(str, row)))

# Sample input matrices (3x3)
first_matrix = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
second_matrix = [[9, 8, 7], [6, 5, 4], [3, 2, 1]]

# Call the function to perform matrix multiplication
result_matrix = multiply_matrices(first_matrix, second_matrix)

# Display the matrices
print("First Matrix:")
display_matrix(first_matrix)

print("\nSecond Matrix:")
display_matrix(second_matrix)

print("\nResult Matrix:")
display_matrix(result_matrix)

💻 Testing the Program

Feel free to replace the sample matrices with your own 3x3 matrices in the main function to test the program with different input.

Output

First Matrix:
1   2   3
4   5   6
7   8   9

Second Matrix:
9   8   7
6   5   4
3   2   1

Result Matrix:
30   24   18
84   69   54
138  114  90

Run the program to see the result of the matrix multiplication.

🧠 How the Program Works

The program defines a function multiply_matrices that takes two matrices (first_matrix and second_matrix) and computes their product, storing the result in the result_matrix.
It initializes the result_matrix with zeros and uses three nested loops to perform the matrix multiplication.
The display_matrix function is used to display the contents of a matrix.
Sample input matrices (first_matrix and second_matrix) are provided, and the program calls the multiplication function.
The program then displays the original matrices and the result matrix.

🧐 Understanding the Concept of Matrix Multiplication

Matrix multiplication is defined as follows: given two matrices A (of dimensions m x n) and B (of dimensions n x p), the product matrix C (of dimensions m x p) is obtained by multiplying each element of a row in matrix A by the corresponding element of a column in matrix B and summing up the results.

🎉 Conclusion

Matrix multiplication is a powerful operation used in various fields, including graphics, physics simulations, and machine learning.

Understanding the logic behind matrix multiplication and implementing it in python provides a foundational understanding of linear algebra in computer science.

Feel free to experiment with different matrix sizes and values to further explore the capabilities of this program. Happy coding!