CSS animation-fill-mode Property

Posted in CSS Tutorial

Updated on Oct 01, 2024

By Mari Selvan

👁️ 14 - Views

⏳ 4 mins

💬 1 Comment

Photo Credit to CodeToFun

🙋 Introduction

The animation-fill-mode property in CSS defines how a CSS animation should apply styles to its target before and after its execution.

By using this property, you can control whether the element retains the styles applied by the animation at the start, the end, or throughout the duration of the animation.

💡 Syntax

The syntax for the animation-fill-mode property is straightforward. It can be applied to any element that has an animation applied to it.

Syntax

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element {
  animation-fill-mode: value;
}

Here, value can be one of the predefined keywords that determine how the animation's styles affect the element outside its active period.

🎛️ Default Value

The default value of the animation-fill-mode property is none, which means the animation will not affect the styles of the element before it starts or after it ends.

🏠 Property Values

Value	Description
none	The animation has no effect on the element before the animation starts or after it ends.
forwards	The element retains the styles defined in the final keyframe after the animation ends.
backwards	The element applies the styles from the first keyframe before the animation starts.
both	The element applies the styles from the first keyframe before the animation starts and retains the styles from the final keyframe after the animation ends.

📄 Example

In this example, we’ll create a simple animation that moves an element across the screen. We'll use the animation-fill-mode property to make sure the element stays in its final position after the animation ends.

index.html

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>CSS animation-fill-mode Example</title>
  <style>
    .move {
      width: 100px;
      height: 100px;
      background-color: red;
      position: relative;
      animation: moveRight 2s;
      animation-fill-mode: forwards;
    }

    @keyframes moveRight {
      from { left: 0; }
      to { left: 200px; }
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Box with animation-fill-mode Property</h1>
  <div class="move"></div>
</body>
</html>

In this example:

The box will move from left to right over 2 seconds.
Thanks to the animation-fill-mode: forwards; property, the box will remain at its final position after the animation completes.

🖥️ Browser Compatibility

The animation-fill-mode property is widely supported across all modern browsers, including Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, and Opera. However, it's advisable to check your animations across different browsers to ensure consistent behavior.

🎉 Conclusion

The animation-fill-mode property is a useful tool for controlling how animations affect the styles of elements before and after they run.

By understanding and utilizing this property, you can create more polished and predictable animations in your web projects. Experiment with the different values to see how they impact your animations and choose the one that best fits your design needs.