Java Program to Perform Matrix Subtraction

Posted in Java Tutorial

Updated on Oct 30, 2024

By Mari Selvan

👁️ 44 - Views

⏳ 4 mins

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Java Program to Perform Matrix Subtraction

Photo Credit to CodeToFun

🙋 Introduction

Matrix subtraction is a fundamental operation in linear algebra and computer science.

Matrix subtraction involves subtracting each element of one matrix from the corresponding element of another matrix of the same order.

In this tutorial, we'll explore a Java program that performs matrix subtraction.

In the provided Java program, we'll perform matrix subtraction for 3x3 matrices as an example. You can easily modify the program to work with matrices of different sizes.

📄 Example

Let's dive into the Java code that performs matrix subtraction.

MatrixSubtraction.java

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public class MatrixSubtraction {

  // Function to perform matrix subtraction
  static void subtractMatrices(int[][] mat1, int[][] mat2, int[][] result) {
    for (int i = 0; i < mat1.length; ++i) {
      for (int j = 0; j < mat1[0].length; ++j) {
        result[i][j] = mat1[i][j] - mat2[i][j];
      }
    }
  }

  // Function to display a matrix
  static void displayMatrix(int[][] matrix) {
    for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; ++i) {
      for (int j = 0; j < matrix[0].length; ++j) {
        System.out.print(matrix[i][j] + "\t");
      }
      System.out.println();
    }
  }

  // Driver program
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // Sample matrices for subtraction
    int[][] matrix1 = {
      {5, 8, 2},
      {7, 4, 9},
      {3, 6, 1}
    };
    int[][] matrix2 = {
      {3, 1, 7},
      {6, 9, 2},
      {8, 5, 4}
    };
    int[][] resultMatrix = new int[3][3];

    // Perform matrix subtraction
    subtractMatrices(matrix1, matrix2, resultMatrix);

    // Display matrices and result
    System.out.println("Matrix 1:");
    displayMatrix(matrix1);

    System.out.println("\nMatrix 2:");
    displayMatrix(matrix2);

    System.out.println("\nResultant Matrix (Matrix1 - Matrix2):");
    displayMatrix(resultMatrix);
  }
}

💻 Testing the Program

Feel free to replace the sample matrices with your own 3x3 matrices in the main function to test the program with different input.

Output

Matrix 1:
5  8  2
7  4  9
3  6  1

Matrix 2:
3   1   7
6   9   2
8   5   4

Resultant Matrix (Matrix1 - Matrix2):
2   7  -5
1  -5   7
-5  1  -3

Compile and run the program to see the result of the matrix subtraction.

🧠 How the Program Works

The program defines a class MatrixSubtraction containing a static method subtractMatrices that takes two matrices as input and calculates their subtraction, storing the result in another matrix.
It also contains a static method displayMatrix to print a matrix.
In the main method, sample matrices matrix1 and matrix2 are defined, and matrix subtraction is performed using the subtractMatrices method.
The result is displayed using the displayMatrix method.

🧐 Understanding the Concept of Matrix Subtraction

Matrix subtraction is performed element-wise, subtracting the corresponding elements of one matrix from the elements of another matrix. The result is a new matrix of the same order.

In the provided example, the element in the first row and first column of the result matrix is obtained by subtracting the element in the first row and first column of Matrix 2 from the element in the first row and first column of Matrix 1, and so on.

🎉 Conclusion

Matrix subtraction is a fundamental operation in linear algebra and computer science. This C program provides a practical implementation of matrix subtraction and serves as a foundation for more advanced matrix operations.

Feel free to incorporate and modify this code as needed for your specific use case. Happy coding!