Tutorials

Express app.use() Method

Posted in Express Tutorial

Updated on Nov 24, 2024

By Mari Selvan

👁️ 128 - Views

⏳ 4 mins

💬 1 Comment

Photo Credit to CodeToFun

🙋 Introduction

Middleware plays a pivotal role in Express.js, allowing developers to intercept and modify the request and response objects. One of the key methods for implementing middleware is app.use() in Express.js.

In this guide, we'll explore the syntax, applications, and best practices of the app.use() method.

💡 Syntax

The syntax for the app.use() method is flexible, allowing you to mount middleware at a specified path or use it without a path to apply it to all routes:

syntax.js

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// Applying middleware to all routes
app.use(middlewareFunction);

// Applying middleware to a specific path
app.use('/path', middlewareFunction);

middlewareFunction: The function that will be executed when the middleware is called.

❓ How app.use() Works

The app.use() method is used to bind application-level middleware to your Express application. Middleware functions have access to the request object (req), the response object (res), and the next function in the application's request-response cycle.

example.js

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// Example of a simple middleware function
const loggerMiddleware = (req, res, next) => {
  console.log(`Request received for path: ${req.path}`);
  next();
};

// Applying the middleware to all routes
app.use(loggerMiddleware);

In this example, the loggerMiddleware function is applied to all routes, logging information about the incoming request.

📚 Use Cases

Logging:

Use app.use() for logging information about each incoming request, aiding in debugging and monitoring.

example.js

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// Middleware for logging requests
const requestLogger = (req, res, next) => {
  console.log(`[${new Date().toISOString()}] ${req.method} ${req.url}`);
  next();
};

// Applying the logging middleware to all routes
app.use(requestLogger);

Authentication:

Leverage app.use() to enforce authentication for specific routes, ensuring secure access.

example.js

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// Middleware for user authentication
const authenticateUser = (req, res, next) => {
  // Implement your authentication logic here
  if (req.isAuthenticated()) {
    return next();
  } else {
    res.status(401).send('Unauthorized');
  }
};

// Applying authentication middleware to a specific route
app.use('/secure', authenticateUser);

🏆 Best Practices

Order Matters:

The order in which you apply middleware with app.use() is crucial. Middlewares are executed in the order they are defined, so be mindful of the sequence.
example.js
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```
app.use(middleware1);
app.use(middleware2);
```
In this example, middleware1 will be executed before middleware2.

Modularize Middleware:

Break down complex middleware into smaller, modular functions. This promotes reusability and maintains a clean codebase.

example.js

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// Middleware for handling CORS headers
const handleCors = (req, res, next) => {
  // Implement CORS logic here
  next();
};

// Middleware for logging requests
const requestLogger = (req, res, next) => {
  console.log(`[${new Date().toISOString()}] ${req.method} ${req.url}`);
  next();
};

// Applying multiple middlewares
app.use(handleCors);
app.use(requestLogger);

Use Error Handling Middleware:

When using asynchronous operations in your middleware, include error handling. Use next(err) to pass errors to the next error-handling middleware.

example.js

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// Error handling middleware
const errorHandler = (err, req, res, next) => {
  console.error(err.stack);
  res.status(500).send('Something went wrong!');
};

// Applying error handling middleware
app.use(errorHandler);

🎉 Conclusion

The app.use() method in Express.js is a versatile tool for incorporating middleware into your application. Whether you're logging requests, implementing authentication, or handling errors, understanding how to use and organize middleware with app.use() is fundamental for building robust Express.js applications.

Now armed with knowledge about the app.use() method, go ahead and enhance your Express.js projects with powerful middleware functionality!