C memchr() Function

Posted in C Tutorial

Updated on Oct 06, 2024

By Mari Selvan

👁️ 236 - Views

⏳ 4 mins

💬 1 Comment

Photo Credit to CodeToFun

🙋 Introduction

In C programming, the memchr() function is part of the C Standard Library and is used for searching a byte sequence within a given memory block.

This function is particularly useful when working with strings and arrays of characters.

In this tutorial, we'll explore the usage and functionality of the memchr() function in C.

💡 Syntax

The signature of the memchr() function is as follows:

Syntax

Copied

void *memchr(const void *str, int c, size_t n);

str: Pointer to the memory block to be examined.
c: Value to be searched, cast to an unsigned char.
n: Number of bytes to be examined.

📄 Example

Let's delve into an example to illustrate how the memchr() function works.

memchr.c

Copied

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
  const char * str = "Hello, C Programming!";
  char searchChar = 'C';

  // Search for 'C' in the string
  void * result = memchr(str, searchChar, strlen(str));

  if (result != NULL) {
    printf("'%c' found at position %ld.\n", searchChar, (char * ) result - str + 1);
  } else {
    printf("'%c' not found in the string.\n", searchChar);
  }

  return 0;
}

💻 Output

Output

'C' found at position 8.

🧠 How the Program Works

In this example, the memchr() function is used to search for the character 'C' within the string "Hello, C Programming!".

↩️ Return Value

The memchr() function returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the specified value within the given memory block. If the value is not found, it returns NULL.

📚 Common Use Cases

The memchr() function is particularly useful when you need to search for a specific byte value within a block of memory. It can be employed for tasks such as parsing strings or validating the presence of certain characters.

📝 Notes

The memchr() function is not limited to strings; it can be applied to any block of memory.
For strings, consider using the strchr() function, which is specifically designed for null-terminated strings.

🎢 Optimization

The memchr() function is optimized for performance and is part of the standard C library. No specific optimizations are typically needed.

🎉 Conclusion

The memchr() function in C provides a reliable means of searching for a byte value within a specified memory block. Whether used for strings or general memory operations, this function is a valuable tool in C programming.

Feel free to experiment with different strings, characters, and memory blocks to deepen your understanding of the memchr() function. Happy coding!