MongoDB $sin Operator

Posted in mongoDB Tutorial

Updated on Oct 31, 2024

By Mari Selvan

👁️ 22 - Views

⏳ 4 mins

💬 1 Comment

Photo Credit to CodeToFun

🙋 Introduction

In MongoDB's aggregation framework, the $sin operator emerges as a powerful tool for performing trigonometric computations on numerical data. This operator computes the sine of a given angle, facilitating various applications in fields such as geometry, physics, and engineering.

Let's delve into the details of how the $sin operator can be effectively utilized within MongoDB's aggregation pipelines.

💡 Syntax

The syntax for the $sin method is straightforward:

syntax.js

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{ $sin: <angle> }

$sin: This operator signifies that the subsequent operation will compute the sine of the specified angle.
<angle>: This represents the angle (in radians) for which the sine will be calculated. It could be a field reference, a mathematical expression, or a value.

📝 Example

⌨️ Input

Consider a collection named angles containing documents with fields degrees representing angles in degrees. Here are sample documents from the angles collection:

Input

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[
  { "_id": ObjectId("609c26812e9274a86871bc6a"), "degrees": 30 },
  { "_id": ObjectId("609c26812e9274a86871bc6b"), "degrees": 45 },
  { "_id": ObjectId("609c26812e9274a86871bc6c"), "degrees": 60 }
]

🔄 Aggregation

Suppose we want to compute the sine of each angle in radians. Here's how you can achieve this using the $sin operator:

example.js

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db.angles.aggregate([
  {
    $project: {
      radians: { $degreesToRadians: "$degrees" },
      sine: { $sin: { $degreesToRadians: "$degrees" } }
    }
  }
])

🧩 Explanation

$project: This stage adds new fields to each document in the pipeline, representing radians and the sine of the angle.
$degreesToRadians: This operator converts degrees to radians, as the $sin operator expects angles in radians.
$sin: Computes the sine of the angle (in radians).

When discussing how the above aggregation works:

For the first document with degrees equal to 30, its radians value is approximately 0.5236 radians, and its sine value is approximately 0.5.
For the second document with degrees equal to 45, its radians value is approximately 0.7854 radians, and its sine value is approximately 0.7071.
For the third document with degrees equal to 60, its radians value is approximately 1.0472 radians, and its sine value is approximately 0.8660.

💻 Output

Now, let's take a look at the output generated by the aggregation pipeline:

Output

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{ "_id": ObjectId("609c26812e9274a86871bc6a"), "radians": 0.5235987755982988, "sine": 0.49999999999999994 }
{ "_id": ObjectId("609c26812e9274a86871bc6b"), "radians": 0.7853981633974483, "sine": 0.7071067811865476 }
{ "_id": ObjectId("609c26812e9274a86871bc6c"), "radians": 1.0471975511965976, "sine": 0.8660254037844386 }

📚 Use Cases

Geometric Computations:

The $sin operator facilitates computations involving angles, such as determining distances or orientations in geometric applications.
Physics and Engineering:

When modeling physical systems or designing engineering structures, sine functions are often used to represent periodic phenomena or oscillatory behavior.
Signal Processing:

In signal analysis and processing, sine functions play a fundamental role in representing and manipulating periodic signals.

🎉 Conclusion

The $sin operator in MongoDB's aggregation framework provides a powerful tool for computing sine values within aggregation pipelines. Whether you're analyzing geometric data, modeling physical systems, or processing signals, mastering the usage of $sin empowers you to perform advanced trigonometric computations and gain deeper insights into your datasets.

With its intuitive syntax and diverse applications, the $sin operator proves to be an invaluable asset for handling numerical data effectively within MongoDB. Incorporate it into your aggregation pipelines to unlock new dimensions of data analysis and explore the rich possibilities of trigonometry within MongoDB.