HTML Code

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>getSelection vs focus</title>
  <style>body{font-family:system-ui,sans-serif;padding:1.5rem;} p{line-height:1.6;} button{margin-right:0.5rem;} pre{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:0.75rem;}</style>
</head>
<body>
  <p>Highlight some words, or just click a button (focus without selection).</p>
  <button id="btn" type="button">Compare selection and focus</button>
  <button type="button">Other button</button>
  <pre id="out">Click Compare after selecting or focusing</pre>
  <script>
    document.getElementById("btn").addEventListener("click", function () {
      var selection = document.getSelection();
      var focused = document.activeElement;
      document.getElementById("out").textContent =
        "selected text: " + (selection ? selection.toString() : "") + "\n" +
        "focused tag: " + (focused && focused.tagName) +
        (focused && focused.id ? "#" + focused.id : "");
    });
  </script>
</body>
</html>

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Document.getSelection — vs activeElement (Try It)