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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>jQuery .closest('li')</title>
</head>
<body>
  <ul>
    <li>I</li>
    <li id="ii">II
      <ul class="level-2">
        <li class="item-a">A</li>
        <li>B</li>
        <li>C</li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li>III</li>
  </ul>
  <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.7.1.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    $("li.item-a").closest("li").css("background-color", "red");
  </script>
</body>
</html>

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jQuery .closest('li') — match self (Try It)