HTML Code

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>jQuery nth-of-type(3n+1) demo</title>
  <style>
    body { font-family: sans-serif; padding: 16px; }
    ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; max-width: 240px; }
    li { padding: 8px 12px; margin: 4px 0; background: #f1f5f9; border-radius: 6px; }
    li.lead { background: #ecfdf5; border-left: 4px solid #22c55e; }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <ul>
    <li>Group A start</li>
    <li>Group A mid</li>
    <li>Group A end</li>
    <li>Group B start</li>
    <li>Group B mid</li>
    <li>Group B end</li>
    <li>Group C start</li>
    <li>Group C mid</li>
    <li>Group C end</li>
  </ul>
  <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.7.1.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    $("li:nth-of-type(3n+1)").addClass("lead");
  </script>
</body>
</html>

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jQuery li:nth-of-type(3n+1) — group starts by type (Try It)