HTML Code

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

  <meta charset="utf-8">

  <title>whitespace and empty</title>

  <style>

    body { font-family: sans-serif; padding: 16px; }

    .demo { border: 1px solid #ccc; margin: 8px 0; padding: 8px; min-height: 20px; }

    #output { margin-top: 12px; padding: 12px; background: #fef3c7; border: 1px solid #f59e0b; }

  </style>

</head>

<body>

  <div id="a" class="demo"></div>

  <div id="b" class="demo"> </div>

  <div id="output"></div>

  <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.7.1.min.js"></script>

  <script>

    var aEmpty = $("#a:empty").length;

    var bEmpty = $("#b:empty").length;

    $("#output").html(

      "#a:empty → " + aEmpty + " (truly empty)<br>" +

      "#b:empty → " + bEmpty + " (space text node counts as child)"

    );

  </script>

</body>

</html>

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Whitespace text nodes and :empty (Try It)