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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>attr function setter</title>
  <style>
    body { font-family: sans-serif; padding: 16px; max-width: 420px; }
    div { color: blue; margin: 8px 0; }
    span { color: red; font-size: 14px; }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div>Zero-th <span></span></div>
  <div>First <span></span></div>
  <div>Second <span></span></div>
  <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.7.1.min.js"></script>
  <script>
    $("div")
      .attr("id", function(i) {
        return "div-id" + i;
      })
      .each(function() {
        $("span", this).text("(id = '" + this.id + "')");
      });
  </script>
</body>
</html>

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jQuery .attr() — set id from function (Try It)