HTML Entity for Uppercase R Black Letter Capital (ℜ)
What You'll Learn
How to display the black-letter capital R (ℜ) in HTML using named entity, hexadecimal, decimal, and CSS escape methods. This character is part of the Letterlike Symbols block and is widely used in mathematics to denote the real part of a complex number. Its official Unicode name is BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL R (U+211C).
Render it with ℜ, ℜ, ℜ, or CSS escape \211C. The named entity ℜ is the most readable option in HTML source. It pairs with ℑ (ℑ) for the imaginary part. See also math entities.
⚡ Quick Reference — Uppercase R Black Letter Capital Entity
U+211CLetterlike Symbols
ℜHexadecimal reference
ℜDecimal reference
ℜReal part symbol
Name Value
──────────── ──────────
Unicode U+211C
Hex code ℜ
HTML code ℜ
Named entity ℜ
CSS code \211C
Meaning Black-letter capital R (real part)
Related U+2111 = ℑ (ℑ, imaginary part)
Block Letterlike Symbols (U+2100–U+214F)Complete HTML Example
A simple example showing the black-letter capital R (ℜ) using hexadecimal code, decimal HTML code, the named entity, and a CSS content escape:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
#point:after{
content: "\211C";
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Symbol (hex): ℜ</p>
<p>Symbol (decimal): ℜ</p>
<p>Symbol (named): ℜ</p>
<p id="point">Symbol (CSS): </p>
</body>
</html>🌐 Browser Support
The black-letter capital R (ℜ) and the named entity ℜ are supported in modern browsers when UTF-8 is used:
👀 Live Preview
See the black-letter capital R (ℜ) in mathematical and typographic contexts:
🧠 How It Works
Hexadecimal Code
ℜ uses the Unicode hexadecimal value 211C to display the black-letter capital R. The x prefix indicates hexadecimal format.
Decimal HTML Code
ℜ uses the decimal Unicode value 8476 to display the same character. A common method for Letterlike Symbols.
Named Entity
ℜ is the standard named entity for ℜ—it denotes the real-part operator in mathematics.
CSS Entity
\211C is used in CSS stylesheets, particularly in the content property of pseudo-elements like ::before and ::after.
Same visual result
All four methods produce the glyph: ℜ. Unicode U+211C sits in Letterlike Symbols. Do not confuse with plain R (U+0052) or ℝ (double-struck ℝ for the set of reals).
Use Cases
The black-letter capital R (ℜ) is commonly used in:
Real-part operator ℜ(z) in equations involving complex numbers and signal processing.
Electrical engineering, control theory, and physics documentation using complex notation.
Research papers and scholarly publications in mathematics and mathematical physics.
Mathematics and science textbooks teaching complex numbers and Fourier analysis.
Black-letter (Fraktur-style) R in formal mathematical typesetting and design.
Online courses, scientific blogs, and interactive math tools needing proper ℜ rendering.
Technical specs and API docs for libraries that work with complex-valued data.
💡 Best Practices
Do
- Use
ℜin HTML when possible for readability in math content - Serve pages as UTF-8; you can also type ℜ directly in UTF-8 source
- Use math-friendly fonts (e.g. Cambria Math, STIX) for reliable black-letter glyph display
- Distinguish ℜ (real part) from plain
R(U+0052) and ℝ (double-struck ℝ) - Pair with ℑ (
ℑ) for complete complex-number notation
Don’t
- Substitute plain
Rwhen ℜ is required for real-part notation - Confuse ℜ (real-part operator) with ℝ (double-struck set of reals)
- Put CSS escape
\211Cin HTML text nodes - Use padded Unicode notation like U+0211C—the correct value is
U+211C - Use
\0211Cin CSS—the correct escape is\211C
Key Takeaways
Four references render ℜ; named entity is most readable
ℜ ℜ ℜFor CSS stylesheets, use the escape in the content property
\211CUnicode U+211C — BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL R
Essential for real-part notation; pairs with ℑ (ℑ)
Previous: Uppercase R Acute (Ŕ) Next: Uppercase R Caron
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
ℜ (named), ℜ (hex), ℜ (decimal), or \211C in CSS content. The named entity ℜ is the most readable for HTML content.U+211C (BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL R). Letterlike Symbols block. Hex 211C, decimal 8476. Used in mathematics to denote the real part of a complex number.ℜ or ℜ) or the named entity ℜ is used in HTML content. The CSS entity (\211C) is used in CSS, e.g. in the content property of pseudo-elements. Both produce ℜ but in different contexts.Explore More HTML Entities!
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