Triple Integral (∭) is the Mathematical Operators character at Unicode U+222D (TRIPLE INTEGRAL). HTML5 names it ∭. Use it for volume integrals in multivariable calculus.
Remember
Character ∭
Unicode U+222D
Named entity ∭
Hex entity ∭
Decimal ∭
CSS escape \222D
Not the same ∫ (∫) · ∬ (∬)
Named, hex, decimal, CSS, and a typed character all produce the same glyph: ∭. Prefer ∭ in HTML markup. For a single integral see ∫; for a double integral see ∬.
Built with Named: ∭
Built with Hex: ∭
Built with Decimal: ∭
Built with CSS: ∭
Typed: ∭
∭V f(x,y,z) dV
How It Works
1. Named:∭ is the preferred HTML5 name for U+222D → ∭.
2. Hex:∭ inserts the same code point. Same visual as named.
3. Decimal: same code point as 8749 → ∭.
4. CSS: use \222D in content (not an HTML entity). #point::after appends ∭.
5. Typed: paste ∭ in a UTF-8 document, or write notation like ∭<sub>V</sub> f(x,y,z) dV.
Pitfalls & Tips
Common mistakes when working with Triple Integral.
Named
Prefer ∭
∭ is the clear HTML5 named form. It is case-sensitive — write ∭, not &IIINT;.
Look-alikes
∭ ≠ ∫ ≠ ∬
U+222D is triple. Single is ∫; double is ∬ — count the integral signs before you publish.
A11y
Add context
A lone ∭ may be unclear. Pair it with notation such as “volume integral” or an accessible name for screen readers.
Fonts
Glyph coverage
Mathematical Operators coverage varies. Test calculus pages on mobile and provide a MathML or image fallback if ∭ is missing.
CSS vs HTML
Do not mix escapes
\222D belongs in CSS. ∭ / ∭ / ∭ belong in HTML.
Semicolon
End references
Always finish with ; — write ∭, not &iiint.
Compatibility
Browser Support
Triple Integral (U+222D) and its entity forms (∭, ∭, ∭, CSS \\222D) are supported in all modern browsers. Glyph coverage depends on the font.
✓ Universal encoding
Triple Integral (∭)
Encode with named, hex, decimal, or CSS escape — or type ∭ directly in UTF-8 HTML. Prefer ∭.
100%Browser coverage
Google ChromeSupported
Yes
Microsoft EdgeSupported
Yes
Mozilla FirefoxSupported
Yes
Apple SafariSupported
Yes
OperaSupported
Yes
Internet ExplorerIE 9+
Yes*
U+222DFull support
Bottom line: Prefer ∭ for readable HTML. Use \\222D only inside CSS content. Do not confuse with ∫ or ∬.
Remember
Key Takeaways
Unicode: this symbol is U+222D (decimal 8749) — triple integral.
HTML: prefer ∭ — or use ∭ / ∭.
CSS: use \222D inside content for generated math markers.
Watch out: not the same as ∫ (single) or ∬ (double).
Use ∭ (named), ∭ (hex), ∭ (decimal), or the CSS escape \222D in the content property. All render ∭. Prefer ∭ for readable markup.
U+222D (TRIPLE INTEGRAL). Hex 222D, decimal 8749, named entity ∭. It belongs to Mathematical Operators (U+2200–U+22FF).
Yes. HTML5 defines ∭ for U+222D. It is case-sensitive — write ∭, not &IIINT;.
U+222D is TRIPLE INTEGRAL (∭). U+222B is INTEGRAL (∫). U+222C is DOUBLE INTEGRAL (∬). Same family, different counts of integral signs.
Use it for multivariable calculus, physics, and engineering content that needs a volume integral over three-dimensional space. Prefer ∭ in source for clarity.
HTML entities (∭, ∭, or ∭) go in markup. The CSS escape \222D is used in stylesheets (usually in the content property of ::before/::after). Both render ∭.
🤔
Did you know?
Triple Integral is Unicode U+222D (decimal 8749) — glyph ∭ (TRIPLE INTEGRAL) in Mathematical Operators. HTML5 names it ∭ (case-sensitive). Prefer it for volume integrals in multivariable calculus. Do not confuse it with single integral (∫, U+222B) or double integral (∬, U+222C).
