HTML Entity for Triple Integral (∭)
What You'll Learn
How to display the Triple Integral (∭) in HTML using named, hexadecimal, decimal, and CSS entity methods. This character is U+222D (TRIPLE INTEGRAL) in the Mathematical Operators block (U+2200–U+22FF)—used in multivariable calculus for integrals over a volume in three-dimensional space.
Render it with ∭, ∭, ∭, or CSS escape \222D. For a single integral use ∫ (∫); for a double integral use ∬ (∬).
⚡ Quick Reference — Triple Integral
U+222DMathematical Operators block
∭Hexadecimal reference
∭Decimal reference
∭Most readable option
Name Value
──────────── ──────────
Unicode U+222D
Hex code ∭
HTML code ∭
Named entity ∭
CSS code \222D
Block Mathematical Operators (U+2200–U+22FF)
Official name TRIPLE INTEGRAL
Related U+222B = single (∫), U+222C = double (∬)Complete HTML Example
This example demonstrates the Triple Integral (∭) using the named entity, hexadecimal code, decimal HTML code, and a CSS content escape:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
#point:after{
content: "\222D";
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Using Named Entity: ∭</p>
<p>Using Hexadecimal: ∭</p>
<p>Using HTML Code: ∭</p>
<p id="point">Using CSS Entity: </p>
</body>
</html>🌐 Browser Support
U+222D is supported in modern browsers; use a font with Mathematical Operators coverage for consistent glyphs:
👀 Live Preview
See the Triple Integral (∭) in calculus and scientific notation:
🧠 How It Works
Named Entity
∭ is the HTML named entity for the Triple Integral (∭) — the most readable option in source code.
Hexadecimal Code
∭ uses the Unicode hexadecimal value 222D to display the Triple Integral symbol.
Decimal HTML Code
∭ uses the decimal Unicode value 8749 to display the same character.
CSS Entity
\222D is used in CSS stylesheets in the content property of pseudo-elements like ::before and ::after.
Same visual result
All four methods produce ∭. Unicode U+222D. Not single integral ∫ (∫) or double integral ∬ (∬). Previous: Trigram Wind. Next: Triple Prime.
Use Cases
The Triple Integral (∭) commonly appears in:
Triple integrals over volumes (e.g. ∭V f(x,y,z) dV).
Mass, charge density, and flux formulas in three dimensions.
Online courses and tutorials with correct calculus notation in HTML.
Articles and docs that need ∭ alongside MathML or equation renderers.
Pair with MathML or descriptions so assistive tech interprets formulas.
Unicode and HTML entity guides for Mathematical Operators.
💡 Best Practices
Do
- Prefer
∭for readable HTML source - Use ∭ for triple integrals over volumes in 3D
- Use fonts that cover Mathematical Operators (U+2200–U+22FF)
- For complex equations, consider MathML, MathJax, or KaTeX
- Pick one entity style per project for consistency
Don’t
- Confuse ∭ (triple) with ∫ (
∫, single) or ∬ (∬, double) - Use CSS escape
\222Dinside HTML markup - Rely on plain HTML entities alone for full limit/subscript notation
- Mix hex, decimal, and named styles randomly in one file
- Forget UTF-8 (
<meta charset="utf-8">) in your document
Key Takeaways
Four ways to render ∭ in HTML
∭ ∭ ∭For CSS stylesheets, use the escape in the content property
\222DUnicode U+222D — triple integral over a volume
Prefer ∭ for readability in HTML source
Single ∫ Double ∬ Triple ∭
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
∭ (named), ∭ (hex), ∭ (decimal), or \222D in CSS content. All produce ∭.U+222D (TRIPLE INTEGRAL). Mathematical Operators block (U+2200–U+22FF). Hex 222D, decimal 8749. Used for triple integrals over a volume in three-dimensional space.∭ is the most readable option when writing HTML by hand. Numeric codes (∭ or ∭) are equally valid. All render ∭.∭ is part of the HTML standard and is widely supported across modern browsers. It is the preferred method for displaying ∭ in HTML documents.Explore More HTML Entities!
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