Per ten thousand (‱) is the General Punctuation character at Unicode U+2031 (PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN), also called permyriad. It means 1/10 000 — useful for fine rates and basis-point-scale values. HTML5 provides the named entity ‱.
Remember
Character ‱
Unicode U+2031
Named entity ‱
Hex entity ‱
Decimal ‱
CSS escape \2031
All of these produce the same glyph: ‱. Prefer ‱ for readable HTML; paste ‱ in UTF-8 when convenient.
Reference
Quick Reference
One table for every form you will actually use.
Form
Code
Where it goes
Named entity
‱
HTML markup
Hex entity
‱
HTML markup
Decimal entity
‱
HTML markup
Direct character
‱
HTML text (UTF-8 default)
CSS escape
\2031
Stylesheet content
When to Use Which
Situation
Use
Readable rates in HTML
‱
UTF-8 finance / stats text
Type or paste ‱
Numeric entity required
‱ or ‱
Generated text via ::before / ::after
content: "\2031"
Per hundred / per thousand
% / ‰ (‰)
See it
Live Preview
Per ten thousand sign rendered in common contexts.
Glyph‱
Large glyph‱
In a rate1.25‱
With entitiesNamed: ‱ | Hex: ‱ | Decimal: ‱
Related signs% (per 100) · ‰ (‰) · ‱ (‱)
Code
Complete HTML Example
One page that shows per ten thousand with named, hex, decimal, direct, and CSS forms. Use View Output or open the live editor.
Using Named Entity: ‱
Using Hex Code: ‱
Using Decimal: ‱
Using Direct Character: ‱
Using CSS Entity: ‱
Rate: 1.25‱
How It Works
1. Named:‱ is the clearest HTML form for U+2031.
2. Hex:U+2031 → ‱ in HTML. Reliable numeric form.
3. Decimal: same code point as 8241 → ‱. Same glyph.
4. Direct: paste ‱ in a UTF-8 file with <meta charset="UTF-8">.
5. CSS: use \2031 in content (not an HTML entity). #point::after appends that ‱ after the paragraph text.
Pitfalls & Tips
Common mistakes when working with this rate entity.
Scale
%, ‰, ‱
Per 100 → %. Per 1000 → ‰. Per 10 000 → ‱. Mixing scales misstates the rate.
Basis points
1‱ ≈ 1 bp
One permyriad equals 0.01%, the same magnitude as one basis point. Still write “bp” in words when that is the convention.
Font
Glyph coverage varies
Some fonts omit ‱. Provide a fallback or spell out “per 10,000” if the glyph is missing.
CSS vs HTML
Do not mix escapes
\2031 belongs in CSS. ‱ / ‱ / ‱ belong in HTML.
Semicolon
End references
Always finish with ; — write ‱, not &pertenk.
UTF-8
Declare charset
If you paste ‱ directly, serve the page as UTF-8 with <meta charset="UTF-8">.
Compatibility
Browser Support
Per ten thousand (U+2031) and its entity forms (‱, ‱, ‱, CSS \\2031) are supported in all mainstream browsers. Glyph availability depends on the font.
✓ Universal support
Per Ten Thousand (‱)
Prefer ‱, or encode with hex, decimal, or CSS escape — same glyph everywhere (when the font has it).
100%Browser coverage
Google ChromeSupported
Yes
Microsoft EdgeSupported
Yes
Mozilla FirefoxSupported
Yes
Apple SafariSupported
Yes
OperaSupported
Yes
Internet ExplorerAll versions
Yes
U+2031 / entitiesFull support
Bottom line: Prefer ‱ in HTML. Use ‱ / ‱ when a numeric form is required, and \\2031 only inside CSS content.
Remember
Key Takeaways
Unicode: per ten thousand is U+2031 (decimal 8241), General Punctuation.
Use ‱ (named), ‱ (hex), ‱ (decimal), type ‱ in UTF-8, or the CSS escape \2031 in content. All render ‱.
U+2031 (PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN), also called permyriad. Hex 2031, decimal 8241. It belongs to General Punctuation and means 1/10 000.
Yes. HTML5 defines ‱. You can also use ‱ or ‱.
Use it for fine rates in finance and statistics (e.g. 1.25‱). Prefer ‱ for readable source. For 1/100 use %; for 1/1000 use ‰ (‰).
HTML entities (‱, ‱, or ‱) go in markup. The CSS escape \2031 is used in stylesheets (usually in the content property of ::before/::after). Both render ‱.
% (U+0025) is per hundred. ‰ (U+2030, ‰) is per thousand. ‱ (U+2031, ‱) is per ten thousand. Do not mix the scales.
🤔
Did you know?
Per ten thousand (‱) is Unicode U+2031 (decimal 8241) — PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN (also called permyriad) in General Punctuation. HTML5 provides ‱. One ‱ equals 1/10 000 — the same scale as one basis point (0.01 %).
