HTML Entity for N-Ary Product (∏)

Beginner

5 min read

Updated: Sep 2026

1 example

Unicode U+220F

HTML Entity for N-Ary Product (U+220F) tutorial illustration

Definition

What Is the N-Ary Product Entity?

N-Ary Product (∏) is the math operator at Unicode U+220F for the product of an indexed family of terms. HTML5 provides ∏. Example: ∏_i a_i.

Remember

Character     ∏
Unicode       U+220F
Named entity  &prod;
Hex entity    &#x220F;
Decimal       &#8719;
CSS escape    \220F

Named, hex, decimal, CSS, and a typed character all produce the same glyph: ∏.

Reference

Quick Reference

One table for every form you will actually use.

Form	Code	Where it goes
Named entity	`∏`	HTML markup (preferred)
Direct character	`∏`	UTF-8 HTML text
Hex entity	`∏`	HTML markup
Decimal entity	`∏`	HTML markup
CSS escape	`\220F`	Stylesheet `content`

When to Use Which

Situation	Use
Indexed product of many terms	`∏`
Need an entity in HTML source	`∏`, `∏`, or `∏`
Generated text via `::before` / `::after`	`content: "\220F"`
N-ary summation (∑)	See N-Ary Summation — `∑`
N-ary coproduct (∐)	See N-Ary Coproduct — `&coprod;`

See it

Live Preview

Product alone, indexed, and beside related operators.

Example ∏_i=1ⁿ a_i

Large glyph ∏

Named entity ∏ → ∏

vs ∑ / ∐ / × ∏ | ∑ | ∐ | ×

With entities Named: ∏ | Hex: ∏ | Decimal: ∏

Code

Complete HTML Example

One page that shows the N-Ary Product with named, hex, decimal, and CSS forms. Use View Output or open the live editor.

Named + Hex + Decimal + CSS

Four ways to produce ∏ in a single document.

html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>N-Ary Product (∏)</title>
  <style>
    #point::after {
      content: "\220F";
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <p>Using Named Entity: &prod;</p>
  <p>Using Hex Code: &#x220F;</p>
  <p>Using HTML Code: &#8719;</p>
  <p id="point">Using CSS Entity: </p>
  <p>Formula: &prod;<sub>i=1</sub><sup>n</sup> a<sub>i</sub></p>
</body>
</html>

Try It Yourself

How It Works

1. Named: ∏ is the clearest HTML form and renders ∏.

2. Hex: U+220F → ∏ in HTML. Same result as the named entity.

3. Decimal: same code point as 8719 → ∏. Same result as hex and named.

4. CSS: use \220F in content (not an HTML entity). #point::after appends that ∏ after the paragraph text.

Pitfalls & Tips

Common mistakes when working with the N-Ary Product.

Prefer

Use `∏`

The named form is clearer than numeric references and is defined in HTML5.

vs ∑

Not summation

∑ is ∑ (U+2211). Product multiplies; summation adds. Do not swap them.

vs ∐

Not coproduct

&coprod; is ∐ (U+2210). Product and coproduct are different operators.

CSS vs HTML

Do not mix escapes

\220F belongs in CSS. ∏ / ∏ / ∏ belong in HTML.

Encoding

Declare UTF-8

If you type ∏ directly, keep <meta charset="UTF-8"> so the file is not misread.

Semicolon

End references

Always finish with ; — write ∏, not &prod.

Compatibility

Browser Support

N-Ary Product (U+220F) and its entity forms (∏, ∏, ∏, CSS \\220F) are supported in all mainstream browsers with a Unicode-capable font.

✓ Universal support

N-Ary Product (∏)

Encode with named, hex, decimal, or CSS escape — or type ∏ directly in UTF-8 HTML.

100% Browser coverage

Google Chrome Supported

Yes

Microsoft Edge Supported

Yes

Mozilla Firefox Supported

Yes

Apple Safari Supported

Yes

Opera Supported

Yes

Internet Explorer IE 9+

Yes*

U+220F / ∏ Full support

Bottom line: Prefer ∏ in math HTML. Use \\220F only inside CSS content.

Remember

Key Takeaways

Unicode: N-Ary Product is U+220F (decimal 8719).
HTML: prefer ∏.
CSS: use \220F inside content for generated text.
Lookalike: not ∑ (∑) or &coprod; (∐).

One line: U+220F → prefer ∏ (also ∏ / CSS \220F).

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I display the N-Ary Product in HTML using entities?

Use ∏ (named), ∏ (hex), ∏ (decimal), or the CSS escape \220F in the content property. All render ∏. Prefer ∏ in math HTML.

What is the Unicode value for the N-Ary Product?

U+220F (N-ARY PRODUCT). Hex 220F, decimal 8719. It belongs to the Mathematical Operators block.

Is there a named HTML entity for U+220F?

Yes. HTML5 defines ∏ for ∏.

When should I use this HTML entity?

Use it in algebra and analysis when writing an n-ary (indexed) product — for example ∏ᵢ aᵢ or n! = ∏ₖ₌₁ⁿ k.

What is the difference between HTML code and CSS entity for U+220F?

HTML entities (∏, ∏, or ∏) go in markup. The CSS escape \220F is used in stylesheets (usually in the content property of ::before/::after). Both render ∏.

Is ∏ the same as ∑ or ∐?

No. Product is ∏ (∏, U+220F). Summation is ∑ (∑, U+2211). Coproduct is &coprod; (∐, U+2210). Different operators.

Did you know?

N-Ary Product is Unicode U+220F (decimal 8719) — in Mathematical Operators. HTML5 provides ∏. It denotes the product of an indexed family of terms. Related: Summation ∑ (∑), Coproduct &coprod; (∐), Logical OR &bigvee; (⋁).

Next: N-Ary Summation

Continue with the N-Ary Summation (∑) entity tutorial.

N-Ary Summation tutorial →

About the author

Mari Selvan M P 🔗

Developer, cloud engineer, and technical writer

Experience 12 years building web and cloud systems
Focus Full Stack Development, AWS, and Developer Education

I write practical tutorials so students and working developers can learn by doing—from databases and APIs to deployment on AWS.

AWS Certified Developer – Associate (Credly)

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