Combining macron below is the Combining Diacritical Marks character at Unicode U+0331 (COMBINING MACRON BELOW). It is a non-spacing mark placed immediately after a base letter to add a short flat bar under it — often in phonetics, linguistics, and specialized typography.
Remember
Character ◌̱ (under base letter)
Unicode U+0331
Hex entity ̱
Decimal ̱
CSS escape \0331
Named entity (none)
Hex, decimal, and CSS all produce the same combining mark. Write it right after the base letter (a̱ → a̱). For a bar above the letter, use combining macron (U+0304) instead.
Using Hex Code: x̱
Using HTML Code: y̱
ẕ (CSS macron below on z)
Compare above: ā vs below: a̱
How It Works
1. Hex:U+0331 → ̱ right after x. The browser combines them into x̱.
2. Decimal: same code point as 817 → ̱ after y. Same combining mark.
3. CSS: use \0331 in content (not an HTML entity). #point::after appends the mark after z, producing ẕ.
4. Compare:̄ draws the bar above; ̱ draws it below. Pick the code point that matches the notation you need.
Pitfalls & Tips
Common mistakes when working with combining macron below.
Order
Base letter first
Write a̱, not ̱a. The mark attaches to the preceding character.
Named?
No named entity
HTML5 does not define a named entity for U+0331. Use numeric forms.
Look-alikes
Not macron above
U+0304 is a bar above. U+0331 is a bar below. They are different characters.
UI
Not for link underlines
Use CSS text-decoration for UI underlines — not combining diacritics.
CSS vs HTML
Do not mix escapes
\0331 belongs in CSS. ̱ / ̱ belong in HTML.
Semicolon
End references
Always finish with ; — write ̱, not ̱.
Compatibility
Browser Support
Combining macron below (U+0331) and its numeric entity forms (̱, ̱, CSS \\0331) are supported in all mainstream browsers with a Unicode-capable font.
✓ Universal support
Combining Macron Below (U+0331)
Encode with hex, decimal, or CSS escape — place after the base letter for the same combining mark under the glyph.
100%Browser coverage
Google ChromeSupported
Yes
Microsoft EdgeSupported
Yes
Mozilla FirefoxSupported
Yes
Apple SafariSupported
Yes
OperaSupported
Yes
Internet ExplorerIE 9+
Yes*
U+0331 / entitiesFull support
Bottom line: Use ̱ or ̱ after a base letter when you need the bar below. Use \\0331 only inside CSS content. Prefer CSS underline for UI decoration.
Remember
Key Takeaways
Unicode: combining macron below is U+0331 (decimal 817).
HTML: use ̱ or ̱ immediately after the base letter.
One line:U+0331 → place ̱ / ̱ / CSS \0331 after the base letter.
Frequently Asked Questions
Use ̱ (hex), ̱ (decimal), or the CSS escape \0331 in the content property. Place the entity immediately after the base letter (e.g. a̱). There is no named HTML entity for U+0331.
U+0331 (COMBINING MACRON BELOW). Hex 0331, decimal 817. It belongs to the Combining Diacritical Marks block (U+0300–U+036F).
No. U+0331 has no named HTML entity. Use numeric references like ̱ or ̱.
Use it in linguistic and phonetic notation, dictionary guides, and typography when a short bar under a letter is required — not as a substitute for CSS text-decoration: underline.
HTML entities (̱ or ̱) go in markup after the base character. The CSS escape \0331 is used in stylesheets (usually in the content property of ::before/::after). Both render the same combining mark.
U+0331 places a bar under the letter. U+0304 (combining macron) places a bar above the letter. They are different Unicode characters.
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Did you know?
Combining macron below is Unicode U+0331 (decimal 817) — COMBINING MACRON BELOW in Combining Diacritical Marks. HTML5 has no named entity for it — use ̱ or ̱ right after a base letter. Do not confuse it with combining macron above (U+0304) or low line (_).
