HTML Entity for Macron Below (̱)

Beginner
⏱️ 5 min read
📚 Updated: Jun 2026
🎯 1 Code Example
Unicode U+0331
HTML entity for combining macron below (U+0331) — hex, decimal, and CSS tutorial

What You'll Learn

How to display the combining macron below (̱) in HTML using hexadecimal, decimal, and CSS escape methods. This character is U+0331 (COMBINING MACRON BELOW) in the Combining Diacritical Marks block (U+0300–U+036F)—a non-spacing diacritic placed immediately after a base letter to draw a horizontal line beneath that character.

Render it with ̱, ̱, or CSS escape \0331. There is no named HTML entity for U+0331. Do not confuse it with a breve (˘) or with the macron above (U+0304, ̄).

⚡ Quick Reference — Macron Below

Unicode U+0331

Combining Diacritical Marks

Hex Code ̱

Hexadecimal reference

HTML Code ̱

Decimal reference

Named Entity —

Use numeric codes only

Reference Table
Name           Value
────────────   ──────────
Unicode        U+0331
Hex code       ̱
HTML code      ̱
Named entity   (none)
CSS code       \0331
Related        U+0304 = macron above (̄); U+0332 = combining low line (̲)
1

Complete HTML Example

This example demonstrates the combining macron below (̱) using hexadecimal code, decimal HTML code, and a CSS content escape. Place the entity right after the base letter:

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
 <style>
  #point::after{
   content: "\0331";
  }
 </style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Macron Below using Hexadecimal: x&#x0331;</p>
<p>Macron Below using HTML Code: y&#817;</p>
<p>z<span id="point"></span> (CSS macron below on z)</p>
</body>
</html>
Try it Yourself

🌐 Browser Support

U+0331 is supported in all modern browsers when rendered with a Unicode-capable font:

Chrome 1+
Firefox 1+
Safari 1+
Edge 12+
Opera 4+
Android 4.4+
iOS Safari 1+

👀 Live Preview

See the combining macron below (̱) applied to letters in common contexts:

On letters x̱ y̱ ẕ ṉ
Large glyph x̱
vs macron above x̄ (above)   x̱ (below)
Linguistics Phonetic segment marking: ṯ → underlined consonant
Numeric refs &#x0331; &#817;

🧠 How It Works

1

Hexadecimal Code

&#x0331; uses the Unicode hexadecimal value 0331. Place it immediately after the base letter—e.g. x&#x0331; renders x with macron below.

HTML markup
2

Decimal HTML Code

&#817; uses the decimal Unicode value 817 to display the same combining mark beneath a base character.

HTML markup
3

CSS Entity

\0331 is used in CSS stylesheets, particularly in the content property of pseudo-elements like ::before and ::after to append the mark below adjacent text.

CSS stylesheet
=

Same visual result

All three methods produce the combining macron below on a base letter: x̱. Unicode U+0331 sits in the Combining Diacritical Marks block (U+0300–U+036F). No named HTML entity—use numeric codes in markup.

✅

Use Cases

The combining macron below (̱) is commonly used in:

🔤 Linguistics

Phonetic transcription and notation for underlined or specially marked segments.

📄 Typography

Single-character underline marks in editorial and multilingual web content.

🎤 Phonetics

IPA and related systems that mark segments with a line below a letter.

📚 Dictionaries

Pronunciation guides and lexical entries with per-character underlines.

🎓 Education

Language learning materials and linguistic textbooks.

📝 Technical docs

Notation systems that require a Unicode underline diacritic on one glyph.

💡 Best Practices

Do

  • Place &#x0331; or &#817; immediately after the base letter
  • Distinguish U+0331 (macron below) from U+0304 (macron above)
  • Serve pages with UTF-8 (<meta charset="utf-8">)
  • Test rendering across browsers and fonts
  • Use consistent numeric style (hex or decimal) per project

Don’t

  • Confuse macron below (̱) with a breve (˘) or macron above (̄)
  • Insert a space between the base letter and the combining entity
  • Expect a named entity—none exists for U+0331
  • Put CSS escape \0331 in HTML text nodes
  • Use padded Unicode notation like U+00331—the correct value is U+0331

Key Takeaways

1

Two HTML numeric references render the combining macron below

&#x0331; &#817;
2

For CSS stylesheets, use the escape in the content property

\0331
3

Unicode U+0331 — COMBINING MACRON BELOW (non-spacing diacritic)

4

Combining Diacritical Marks block (U+0300–U+036F)

5

Always follow the base letter—e.g. x&#x0331; not &#x0331;x

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

Use &#x0331; (hex) or &#817; (decimal) immediately after the base letter—e.g. x&#x0331;. For CSS, use \0331 in content. There is no named entity.
U+0331 (COMBINING MACRON BELOW). Combining Diacritical Marks block (U+0300–U+036F). Hex 0331, decimal 817. Attaches below the preceding character.
In linguistic notation, phonetic transcription, typography, dictionary pronunciation guides, and any content requiring a horizontal underline mark on a single character without CSS text-decoration.
HTML references (&#817; or &#x0331;) go in markup after the base character. The CSS escape \0331 is used in stylesheets, typically in the content property of pseudo-elements. Same visual result, different layers of the stack.
No. U+0331 is a horizontal line below the character. A breve (˘) is a curved mark typically placed above. Also distinguish U+0331 from U+0304 (macron above) and U+0332 (combining low line).

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About the author

Mari Selvan M P
Mari Selvan M P 🔗

Developer, cloud engineer, and technical writer

  • Experience 12 years building web and cloud systems
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I write practical tutorials so students and working developers can learn by doing—from databases and APIs to deployment on AWS.

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