Left Angle Above is the combining diacritic at Unicode U+031A (COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE). It sits above a base letter — common in IPA for no audible release (e.g. t̚).
Remember
Mark combining left angle above
Unicode U+031A
Hex entity ̚
Decimal ̚
CSS escape \031A
Named entity (none)
Order base letter + mark → t̚
Combining marks are not standalone letters. Write the base character first, then the entity (e.g. t̚ → t̚).
Reference
Quick Reference
One table for every form you will actually use.
Form
Code
Where it goes
Hex entity
̚
HTML after the base letter
Decimal entity
̚
HTML after the base letter
CSS escape
\031A
Stylesheet content (often ::after)
Direct character
base + U+031A
UTF-8 HTML text
Named entity
—
Not defined in HTML5
When to Use Which
Situation
Use
Need an entity in HTML source
t̚ or t̚
Generated mark via ::after
content: "\031A" on an element that ends with the base letter
Using Hex Code: t̚
Using HTML Code: t̚
Using CSS Entity: t̚
Typed directly: t̚
How It Works
1. Hex:U+031A → ̚ after the base letter. The browser combines them into t̚.
2. Decimal: same code point as 794 → ̚. Same result as hex.
3. CSS: use \031A in content (not an HTML entity). #point::after appends the mark above the letter t.
4. Typed: in UTF-8 you can type the base letter and the combining mark directly — same visual result.
Pitfalls & Tips
Common mistakes when working with combining Left Angle Above.
Order
Base letter first
Write t̚, not ̚t. Combining marks follow the base.
Named?
No named entity
HTML5 does not define a named entity for U+031A. Use numeric forms.
CSS vs HTML
Do not mix escapes
\031A belongs in CSS. ̚ / ̚ belong in HTML.
Look-alikes
Not Left Angle Below
U+031A sits above the letter. Left Angle Below is a different combining mark — see the related page.
Semicolon
End references
Always finish with ; — write ̚, not ̚.
Fonts
Diacritic support
Use fonts with good above-base combining support (e.g. Charis SIL, DejaVu Sans, Noto Sans).
Compatibility
Browser Support
Combining Left Angle Above (U+031A) and its numeric entity forms (̚, ̚, CSS \\031A) are supported in all mainstream browsers when the font positions Combining Diacritical Marks correctly.
✓ Universal support
Left Angle Above (U+031A)
Encode with hex, decimal, or CSS escape — attach after the base letter for correct combining above.
100%Browser coverage
Google ChromeSupported
Yes
Microsoft EdgeSupported
Yes
Mozilla FirefoxSupported
Yes
Apple SafariSupported
Yes
OperaSupported
Yes
Internet ExplorerAll versions
Yes
U+031A / entitiesFull support
Bottom line: Prefer base̚ or base̚ in HTML. Use \\031A only inside CSS content. Rendering quality depends on the font.
Remember
Key Takeaways
Unicode: combining left angle above is U+031A (decimal 794).
HTML: use ̚ or ̚after the base letter.
CSS: use \031A inside content for generated marks.
Order: always base + mark — never the reverse.
One line:U+031A → t̚ / t̚ / CSS \031A.
Frequently Asked Questions
Use ̚ (hex), ̚ (decimal), or the CSS escape \031A in the content property. There is no named HTML entity. Place the mark immediately after the base letter (e.g. t̚).
U+031A (COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE). Hex 031A, decimal 794. It belongs to the Combining Diacritical Marks block.
No. HTML5 does not define a named entity for this combining mark. Use numeric references like ̚ or ̚.
Use it in IPA and linguistics for no audible release / unreleased stops (e.g. t̚, k̚, p̚). Always write base letter first, then the combining mark.
HTML entities (̚ or ̚) go in markup after the base character. The CSS escape \031A is used in stylesheets (usually in the content property of ::after). Both apply the combining mark above the letter.
U+031A (COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE) sits above the base letter. U+0349 (COMBINING LEFT ANGLE BELOW) sits below. They are different IPA diacritics.
🤔
Did you know?
Left Angle Above is Unicode U+031A (decimal 794) — COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE. HTML5 has no named entity. Place it after the base letter (e.g. t̚). In IPA it often marks no audible release (unreleased stop).
