Integral (∫) is the Mathematical Operators character at Unicode U+222B (INTEGRAL). Use it for integration in calculus — antiderivatives, definite integrals, and area under a curve.
Remember
Character ∫
Unicode U+222B
Hex entity ∫
Decimal ∫
Named entity ∫
CSS escape \222B
All of these produce the same glyph: ∫. Prefer ∫ in HTML source for clarity; use hex/decimal when generating entities, and CSS \222B only in content.
Reference
Quick Reference
One table for every form you will actually use.
Form
Code
Where it goes
Named entity
∫
HTML markup (best default)
Hex entity
∫
HTML markup
Decimal entity
∫
HTML markup
CSS escape
\222B
Stylesheet content
Direct character
∫
UTF-8 HTML text
When to Use Which
Situation
Use
Readable calculus HTML source
∫
Need a numeric entity in HTML
∫ or ∫
Generated text via ::before / ::after
content: "\222B"
UTF-8 page, typing is easy
Type ∫ directly
Double integral (∬)
U+222C — different character from U+222B
See it
Live Preview
Integral rendered in common calculus contexts.
Indefinite∫ f(x) dx = F(x) + C
Large glyph∫
Definite∫01 x² dx = ⅓
Named entity∫ → ∫
With entitiesHex: ∫ | Decimal: ∫ | Named: ∫
Code
Complete HTML Example
One page that shows Integral with the hex entity, decimal entity, named entity, and CSS escape. Use View Output or open the live editor.
Hex + Decimal + Named + CSS
All four ways to produce ∫ in a single document.
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Integral (∫) in HTML</title>
<style>
#point::after {
content: "\222B";
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Integral using Hex Code: ∫</p>
<p>Integral using HTML Code: ∫</p>
<p>Integral using Named Entity: ∫</p>
<p id="point">Integral using CSS Entity: </p>
</body>
</html>
Integral using Hex Code: ∫
Integral using HTML Code: ∫
Integral using Named Entity: ∫
Integral using CSS Entity: ∫
How It Works
1. Hex:U+222B → ∫ in HTML. The browser turns it into ∫.
2. Decimal: same code point as 8747 → ∫. Same result as hex.
3. Named:∫ is the HTML5 name for this character — easiest to read in source.
4. CSS: use \222B in content (not an HTML entity). #point::after appends that ∫ after the paragraph text.
Pitfalls & Tips
Common mistakes when working with the Integral symbol.
Named
Prefer ∫
Named form is clearer than numeric codes in hand-written HTML.
CSS vs HTML
Do not mix escapes
\222B belongs in CSS. ∫ / ∫ / ∫ belong in HTML.
Look-alikes
Not ∬ or ∑
∬ is double integral (U+222C). ∑ is n-ary summation — different operators.
Limits
Limits need extra markup
Use <sub>/<sup> or MathML for bounds — the entity alone is only the ∫ glyph.
Semicolon
End references
Always finish with ; — write ∫, not &int.
Fonts
Math Operators support
Use fonts that include U+222B (e.g. Cambria Math, Noto Sans Math, Segoe UI Symbol).
Compatibility
Browser Support
Integral (U+222B) and its entity forms (∫, ∫, ∫, CSS \\222B) are supported in all mainstream browsers when the font includes Mathematical Operators.
✓ Universal support
Integral (∫)
Use ∫, or encode with hex, decimal, or CSS escape — same glyph everywhere fonts support it.
100%Browser coverage
Google ChromeSupported
Yes
Microsoft EdgeSupported
Yes
Mozilla FirefoxSupported
Yes
Apple SafariSupported
Yes
OperaSupported
Yes
Internet ExplorerAll versions
Yes
U+222B / entitiesFull support
Bottom line: Prefer ∫ in HTML for readability. Use ∫ or ∫ when encoding must be numeric, and \\222B only inside CSS content.
Remember
Key Takeaways
Unicode: Integral is U+222B (decimal 8747).
HTML: prefer ∫, or use ∫ / ∫.
CSS: use \222B inside content for generated text.
Use case: calculus and physics — definite and indefinite integrals.
Use ∫ (named), ∫ (hex), ∫ (decimal), or the CSS escape \222B in the content property. All render the Integral symbol (∫).
U+222B (INTEGRAL). Hex 222B, decimal 8747. It belongs to the Mathematical Operators block.
Yes. ∫ is the named HTML5 entity for ∫ and is supported in all modern browsers.
Use it for calculus notation — indefinite and definite integrals, antiderivatives, and area under a curve. Prefer ∫ for readable source, or numeric forms when generating markup.
HTML entities (∫, ∫, or ∫) go in markup. The CSS escape \222B is used in stylesheets (usually in the content property of ::before/::after). Both render ∫.
No. ∫ is U+222B (single integral). ∬ is U+222C (DOUBLE INTEGRAL) — a different character.
🤔
Did you know?
Integral is Unicode U+222B (decimal 8747). HTML5 provides the named entity ∫ — prefer it for readable calculus markup, or use ∫ / ∫.
