HTML Entity for Hermitian Conjugate Matrix (⊹)

Beginner
⏱️ 5 min read
📚 Updated: Jun 2026
🎯 1 Code Example
Unicode U+22B9
HTML entity for Hermitian Conjugate Matrix (U+22B9) — hex, decimal, named, and CSS tutorial

What You'll Learn

How to display the Hermitian Conjugate Matrix (⊹) symbol in HTML using hexadecimal, decimal, named entity, and CSS escape methods. This character is U+22B9 (HERMITIAN CONJUGATE) in the Mathematical Operators block (U+2200–U+22FF).

Render it with ⊹, ⊹, ⊹, or CSS escape \22B9. This glyph denotes the conjugate transpose (adjoint) of a matrix in linear algebra and quantum mechanics. Unlike many math operators, it has a named HTML entity (⊹) for readable markup.

⚡ Quick Reference — Hermitian Conjugate Matrix

Unicode U+22B9

Mathematical Operators

Hex Code ⊹

Hexadecimal reference

HTML Code ⊹

Decimal reference

Named Entity ⊹

Most readable option

Reference Table
Name           Value
────────────   ──────────
Unicode        U+22B9
Hex code       ⊹
HTML code      ⊹
Named entity   ⊹
CSS code       \22B9
Meaning        Hermitian conjugate (conjugate transpose)
CSS note       \22B9 or \022B9 in content property
1

Complete HTML Example

This example demonstrates the Hermitian Conjugate Matrix symbol (⊹) using hexadecimal code, decimal HTML code, the named entity, and a CSS content escape:

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
 <style>
  #point:after{
   content: "\22B9";
  }
 </style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hermitian Conjugate Matrix using Hexadecimal: &#x22B9;</p>
<p>Hermitian Conjugate Matrix using Decimal: &#8889;</p>
<p>Hermitian Conjugate Matrix using Named Entity: &hercon;</p>
<p id="point">Hermitian Conjugate Matrix using CSS Entity: </p>
</body>
</html>
Try it Yourself

🌐 Browser Support

The Hermitian Conjugate Matrix symbol (⊹) is supported in modern browsers with a math-capable font:

Chrome 1+
Firefox 1+
Safari 1+
Edge 12+
Opera 4+
Android 4.4+
iOS Safari 1+

👀 Live Preview

See the Hermitian Conjugate Matrix symbol (⊹) in matrix and operator notation:

Large glyph ⊹
Named entity &hercon; renders as ⊹
Adjoint A⊹   M⊹
In equation (AB)⊹ = B⊹A⊹
Numeric refs &#x22B9; &#8889; &hercon; \22B9

🧠 How It Works

1

Hexadecimal Code

&#x22B9; uses the Unicode hexadecimal value 22B9 to display the symbol. The x prefix indicates hexadecimal format.

HTML markup
2

Decimal HTML Code

&#8889; uses the decimal Unicode value 8889 to display the same character.

HTML markup
3

Named Entity

&hercon; is the semantic named entity for ⊹—readable in source HTML and part of the HTML5 character set.

HTML markup
4

CSS Entity

\22B9 is used in CSS stylesheets, particularly in the content property of pseudo-elements like ::before and ::after.

CSS stylesheet
=

Same visual result

All four methods produce the glyph: ⊹. Unicode U+22B9 is in Mathematical Operators. Next: Homothetic.

✅

Use Cases

The Hermitian Conjugate Matrix symbol (⊹) is commonly used in:

📐 Linear algebra

Denote the conjugate transpose (adjoint) of a matrix in equations and proofs.

⚛️ Quantum mechanics

Represent Hermitian operators and conjugate transpose in quantum notation.

📚 Education

Textbooks, course notes, and tutorials on matrix algebra.

🔬 Scientific papers

Physics, engineering, and mathematics publications on the web.

💻 Documentation

APIs and libraries that expose conjugate-transpose operations.

📝 Formulas

Web-based equation editors and formula display with HTML entities.

💡 Best Practices

Do

  • Use &hercon; for readable source markup
  • Use math fonts (Cambria Math, STIX, Noto Sans Math) for reliable rendering
  • Keep one method (named, hex, or decimal) consistent across the document
  • Add visible text (e.g. “conjugate transpose”) for accessibility
  • Serve pages with UTF-8 (<meta charset="utf-8">)

Don’t

  • Put CSS escape \22B9 in HTML text nodes
  • Confuse ⊹ with unrelated operators (e.g. &gtdot;, U+22D7)
  • Assume every system font renders Mathematical Operators clearly
  • Rely on the symbol alone for screen reader users
  • Skip browser testing for math-heavy pages

Key Takeaways

1

Three HTML references plus CSS all render ⊹

&#x22B9; &#8889; &hercon;
2

For CSS stylesheets, use the escape in the content property

\22B9
3

Unicode U+22B9 — HERMITIAN CONJUGATE

4

Prefer &hercon; for readability in HTML source

5

Next: Homothetic

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

Use &#x22B9; (hex), &#8889; (decimal), &hercon; (named), or \22B9 in CSS content. All produce ⊹.
U+22B9 (HERMITIAN CONJUGATE). Mathematical Operators block (U+2200–U+22FF). Hex 22B9, decimal 8889. Named entity: &hercon;.
In linear algebra and quantum mechanics notation, educational math pages, scientific papers and textbooks, technical documentation for matrix libraries, and any web content that requires the conjugate transpose (adjoint) symbol.
&hercon; is the named HTML entity for ⊹. It is part of the HTML5 named character set and the most readable option in source markup.
&hercon; is used directly in HTML content. The CSS escape \22B9 (or \022B9) belongs in stylesheets, typically in the content property of ::before or ::after. Both render ⊹.
The Hermitian conjugate (conjugate transpose) of a matrix is obtained by transposing the matrix and taking the complex conjugate of each entry. ⊹ denotes this operation. A matrix equal to its own Hermitian conjugate is called a Hermitian matrix.

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About the author

Mari Selvan M P
Mari Selvan M P 🔗

Developer, cloud engineer, and technical writer

  • Experience 12 years building web and cloud systems
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I write practical tutorials so students and working developers can learn by doing—from databases and APIs to deployment on AWS.

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