HTML Entity for Greek Ypogegrammeni (U+0345)

Intermediate
⏱️ 5 min read
📚 Updated: Jun 2026
🎯 1 Code Example
Unicode U+0345
HTML entity for Greek Ypogegrammeni combining mark (U+0345) — hex, decimal, and CSS tutorial

What You'll Learn

How to insert the combining Greek Ypogegrammeni (U+0345) in HTML using hexadecimal, decimal, and CSS escape methods. This mark is U+0345 (COMBINING GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI) in the Combining Diacritical Marks block. Unlike most Greek accents, it renders as an iota subscript below the base vowel (ὑπογεγραμμένη).

Place it after the base letter in markup (e.g. ᾳ for alpha with subscript iota). Use ͅ, ͅ, or CSS \0345. There is no named HTML entity. It normally attaches to long vowels α, η, ω (ᾳ, ῃ, ῳ). Precomposed characters (e.g. ᾳ U+1FB3) are common in published texts.

⚡ Quick Reference — Greek Ypogegrammeni

Unicode U+0345

Combining Diacritical Marks

Hex Code ͅ

Hexadecimal reference

HTML Code ͅ

Decimal reference

Named Entity —

Use numeric codes only

Reference Table
Name           Value
────────────   ──────────
Unicode        U+0345
Hex code       ͅ
HTML code      ͅ
Named entity   (none)
CSS code       \0345
Meaning        Iota subscript (ypogegrammeni)
Position       Below base vowel (α, η, ω)
Example        ᾳ (alpha + mark)
1

Complete HTML Example

This example shows the Greek Ypogegrammeni (U+0345) on alpha, eta, and omega using hexadecimal code, decimal HTML code, and a CSS content escape. Place the combining mark after each base letter:

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
 <style>
  #point:after{
   content: "\0345";
  }
 </style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Ypogegrammeni using Hexadecimal: &#x03B1;&#x0345; &#x03B7;&#x0345; &#x03C9;&#x0345;</p>
<p>Ypogegrammeni using Decimal: &#x03B1;&#837; &#x03B7;&#837; &#x03C9;&#837;</p>
<p id="point">Ypogegrammeni using CSS Entity: &#x03B1;</p>
</body>
</html>
Try it Yourself

🌐 Browser Support

The Greek Ypogegrammeni (U+0345) renders when fonts support Greek subscript iota positioning:

Chrome 1+
Firefox 1+
Safari 1+
Edge 12+
Opera 4+
Android 4.4+
iOS Safari 1+

👀 Live Preview

Greek Ypogegrammeni (U+0345) below α, η, ω, with precomposed forms:

α + U+0345 (hex) ᾳ
η + U+0345 ῃ
ω + U+0345 (decimal) ῳ
Precomposed (ᾳ ῃ ῳ) ᾳ ῃ ῳ
Mark alone ͅ
Numeric refs &#x0345; &#837; \0345

🧠 How It Works

1

Hexadecimal Code

&#x0345; uses Unicode hexadecimal 0345. Place it after the base vowel (e.g. &#x03B1;&#x0345;) so the subscript iota appears below.

HTML markup
2

Decimal HTML Code

&#837; uses decimal Unicode value 837 for the same combining character.

HTML markup
3

CSS Entity

\0345 is used in CSS, typically in the content property of ::after on an element that already contains the base letter.

CSS stylesheet
=

Iota subscript below the vowel

U+0345 stacks below α, η, or ω (not above like accents). Order: base letter, then combining mark. Next: Guarani Sign (₲).

✅

Use Cases

The Greek Ypogegrammeni (U+0345) is commonly used in:

📜 Polytonic Greek

Classical and Koine Greek with iota subscript on α, η, ω (ᾳ, ῃ, ῳ).

📖 Classics

Homer, drama, and scholarly editions with full polytonic orthography.

🎓 Linguistics

Morphology, historical orthography, and dialect studies of Greek.

📖 Religious texts

Liturgical and scriptural Greek in polytonic form.

📚 Language learning

Courses teaching iota subscript vs adscript (ᾳ vs ᾳι).

🌐 Multilingual sites

Apps that build or display decomposed Greek with subscript iota.

💡 Best Practices

Do

  • Place U+0345 after the base vowel in markup (α, η, ω)
  • Use Greek-capable fonts for reliable subscript positioning
  • Declare UTF-8 with <meta charset="utf-8">
  • Prefer precomposed letters (ᾳ U+1FB3) when NFC suits your workflow
  • Distinguish subscript (ypogegrammeni) from adscript (full ι beside the vowel)

Don’t

  • Put the combining mark before the base letter
  • Apply iota subscript to short vowels in standard polytonic usage
  • Confuse U+0345 with above-line accents (perispomeni, U+0342)
  • Expect a named HTML entity for U+0345
  • Use CSS \0345 in HTML text nodes

Key Takeaways

1

Two HTML numeric references plus CSS insert U+0345

&#x0345; &#837;
2

For CSS, use \0345 in content after the base letter in the element

3

Unicode U+0345 — COMBINING GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI (iota subscript)

4

Renders below α, η, ω; example &#x03B1;&#x0345; or ᾳ

5

Next: Guarani Sign (₲)

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

Use &#x0345; (hex), &#837; (decimal), or \0345 in CSS content. There is no named entity. Place the code after a base Greek letter (e.g. &#x03B1;&#x0345;) so the iota subscript appears below it.
U+0345 (COMBINING GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI). Combining Diacritical Marks block. Hex 0345, decimal 837. It represents the iota subscript below long vowels α, η, and ω.
In Greek polytonic orthography, classical and Koine Greek, linguistics, religious Greek content, language learning, and anywhere you need iota subscript (e.g. ᾳ, ῃ, ῳ).
HTML references (&#837; or &#x0345;) go in markup after the base letter. The CSS escape \0345 is used in stylesheets, typically on ::after when the base letter is already in the element.
The ypogegrammeni (ὑπογεγραμμένη) is a small iota beneath long vowels α, η, ω. It reflects a historical diphthong. It differs from the adscript, where a full ι appears beside the vowel in some spellings.

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About the author

Mari Selvan M P
Mari Selvan M P 🔗

Developer, cloud engineer, and technical writer

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I write practical tutorials so students and working developers can learn by doing—from databases and APIs to deployment on AWS.

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Greek Perispomeni (U+0342) Guarani Sign (₲)