Combining Greek ypogegrammeni is the Unicode character at U+0345 in Combining Diacritical Marks. Official name: COMBINING GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI. It is the iota subscript (ὑπογεγραμμένη) and must follow a base letter (for example α + U+0345 → ᾳ).
Remember
Character ◌ͅ (combining; needs a base letter)
Unicode U+0345
Hex entity ͅ
Decimal ͅ
CSS escape \0345
Named entity (none)
Meaning iota subscript under α / η / ω
Not the same ᾳ (precomposed) · ι (separate iota) · perispomeni
Use ͅ or ͅ after a letter (no named form). For normal polytonic text, prefer precomposed letters such as ᾳ, ῃ, ῳ.
Built with Hex: ᾳ
Built with Decimal: ᾳ
Built with CSS (after α): ᾳ
Also: ῃ ῳ
Precomposed: ᾳ ῃ ῳ
How It Works
1. Hex: write a base letter, then ͅ. Alone, U+0345 has no letter shape.
2. Decimal: same mark as 837 → ͅ after the letter.
3. CSS: use \0345 in content after a letter in the string (here the letter is in the HTML, the mark is appended). Prefer four hex digits so the escape does not swallow the next character.
4. Common bases: iota subscript is used mainly with α, η, and ω.
5. Precomposed:ᾳ / ῃ / ῳ are usually best for normal text. NFC may turn ᾳ into ᾳ.
Pitfalls & Tips
Common mistakes when working with combining Greek ypogegrammeni.
Base
Always use a base letter
U+0345 alone is invisible as a letter. Write ᾳ, not a bare ͅ, when you want a visible glyph.
Prefer
Prefer precomposed Greek
For published text, use Greek Extended letters (ᾳ, ῃ, ῳ, …) instead of stacking combining marks by hand.
Not ι
Not a second letter iota
Typing αι is two letters. Iota subscript is one combining mark (or one precomposed character).
Capitals
Capitals may look like adscript
On capital letters, fonts often draw the iota beside the letter (prosgegrammeni) rather than under it. That is still U+0345 / the matching precomposed capital.
NFC
Normalization may rewrite it
α + U+0345 often becomes precomposed ᾳ under NFC. Do not assume the code point stays U+0345 after processing.
Named?
No named entity
HTML5 does not define a name for U+0345. Use ͅ or ͅ.
CSS vs HTML
Do not mix escapes
\0345 belongs in CSS strings. ͅ / ͅ belong in HTML after a base letter.
Semicolon
End references
Always finish entities with ; — write ͅ, not ͅ.
Compatibility
Browser Support
Combining Greek ypogegrammeni (U+0345) and its numeric entity forms (ͅ, ͅ, CSS \\0345) are supported in browsers that implement Unicode combining marks. Rendering quality depends on the font’s Greek diacritic support.
✓ Universal entity support
Greek Ypogegrammeni (ᾳ)
Encode with hex, decimal, or CSS escape after a base letter — same code point where combining marks are supported.
100%Entity support
Google ChromeSupported
Yes
Microsoft EdgeSupported
Yes
Mozilla FirefoxSupported
Yes
Apple SafariSupported
Yes
OperaSupported
Yes
Internet ExplorerIE 9+
Yes
U+0345Full support
Bottom line: Prefer precomposed polytonic letters for normal text. Use ͅ / ͅ when you need U+0345 explicitly, and \\0345 only inside CSS content.
Remember
Key Takeaways
Unicode: combining Greek ypogegrammeni is U+0345 (decimal 837).
HTML: use ͅ or ͅ after a base letter — no named entity.
CSS: use \0345 inside content after a letter in the string.
Prefer: precomposed ᾳ / ῃ / ῳ — not a separate ι.
One line:U+0345 → base + ͅ / ͅ / CSS \0345 (prefer ᾳ).
Frequently Asked Questions
Place ͅ (hex) or ͅ (decimal) after a base letter, for example ᾳ. There is no named HTML entity for U+0345. You can also use CSS \0345 in content. Prefer precomposed letters such as ᾳ when available.
U+0345 (COMBINING GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI). Hex 345, decimal 837. It belongs to Combining Diacritical Marks (U+0300–U+036F).
No. HTML5 does not define a named entity for combining Greek ypogegrammeni. Prefer ͅ or ͅ.
Use it for polytonic Greek iota subscript when building letters with combining marks. For everyday text, prefer precomposed Greek Extended letters such as ᾳ, ῃ, ῳ.
HTML numeric entities (ͅ or ͅ) go in markup after a base letter. The CSS escape \0345 goes in stylesheet strings (usually content on ::before/::after).
No. U+0345 is a combining mark below (or adscript on some capitals). A separate ι is a second letter, not the iota-subscript character.
🤔
Did you know?
Combining Greek ypogegrammeni is Unicode U+0345 (decimal 837) in Combining Diacritical Marks — iota subscript (ὑπογεγραμμένη) under vowels such as α, η, ω. There is no HTML5 named entity; use ͅ or ͅ after a base letter. NFC may turn ᾳ into precomposed ᾳ (U+1FB3).
