HTML Entity for End Of Proof (∎)
What You'll Learn
How to display the End Of Proof (∎) in HTML using hexadecimal, decimal, and CSS escape methods. This character is U+220E (END OF PROOF) in the Mathematical Operators block (U+2200–U+22FF)—the standard tombstone symbol marking the end of a mathematical proof (QED: quod erat demonstrandum).
Render it with ∎, ∎, or CSS escape \220E. There is no named HTML entity for this symbol. Some authors write “Q.E.D.” in text instead; ∎ is the dedicated Unicode glyph for proof endings.
⚡ Quick Reference — End Of Proof
U+220EMathematical Operators
∎Hexadecimal reference
∎Decimal reference
—Use numeric codes only
Name Value
──────────── ──────────
Unicode U+220E
Hex code ∎
HTML code ∎
Named entity (none)
CSS code \220E
Also known as QED / proof tombstoneComplete HTML Example
This example demonstrates the End Of Proof (∎) using hexadecimal code, decimal HTML code, and a CSS content escape. There is no named HTML entity for this symbol:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
#point:after{
content: "\220E";
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>End Of Proof using Hexadecimal: ∎</p>
<p>End Of Proof using HTML Code: ∎</p>
<p id="point">End Of Proof using CSS Entity: </p>
</body>
</html>🌐 Browser Support
The End Of Proof entity is universally supported in modern browsers:
👀 Live Preview
See the end-of-proof symbol (∎) at the end of a proof line and at large size:
🧠 How It Works
Hexadecimal Code
∎ uses the Unicode hexadecimal value 220E to display the End Of Proof symbol. The x prefix indicates hexadecimal format.
Decimal HTML Code
∎ uses the decimal Unicode value 8718 to display the same character.
CSS Entity
\220E is used in CSS stylesheets, particularly in the content property of pseudo-elements like ::before and ::after.
Same visual result
All three methods produce: ∎. Unicode U+220E in the Mathematical Operators block (U+2200–U+22FF). No named HTML entity—use numeric codes in markup. Serve HTML as UTF-8.
Use Cases
The End Of Proof (∎) commonly appears in:
Mark the conclusion of a mathematical or logical proof (QED).
Textbooks, lecture notes, and online math courses.
Formal logic and proof-writing documentation.
Papers and preprints with correct proof-ending notation in HTML.
Algorithms and theory pages with formal arguments.
Math wikis and Unicode reference pages for operators.
💡 Best Practices
Do
- Use
∎or∎consistently in markup - Use math-friendly fonts for clear ∎ rendering
- Add
aria-label="end of proof"when the symbol carries meaning - Place ∎ at the end of the final proof line or paragraph
- Serve pages with UTF-8 (
<meta charset="utf-8">)
Don’t
- Expect a named entity—none exists for U+220E
- Use a random square or bullet as a substitute for ∎
- Put CSS escape
\220Ein HTML text nodes - Assume all fonts render the tombstone glyph identically
- Overuse ∎ outside formal proof contexts
Key Takeaways
Two HTML numeric references render ∎
∎ ∎For CSS stylesheets, use the escape in the content property
\220EUnicode U+220E — END OF PROOF (QED tombstone)
Mathematical Operators block (U+2200–U+22FF)
Three methods, one glyph — no named HTML entity
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
∎ (hex), ∎ (decimal), or \220E in CSS content. There is no named entity. All produce ∎.U+220E (END OF PROOF). Mathematical Operators block (U+2200–U+22FF). Hex 220E, decimal 8718. Used to mark the end of a proof (QED).∎ or ∎) go in markup. The CSS escape \220E is used in stylesheets, typically in the content property of pseudo-elements. Same visual result, different layers of the stack.∎ or ∎ in HTML, or \220E in CSS.Explore More HTML Entities!
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