Double-struck italic small e (ⅇ) is the Unicode character at U+2147 in the Letterlike Symbols block. Official name: DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL E. It is used in mathematics for Euler’s number / the base of the natural exponential.
Remember
Character ⅇ
Unicode U+2147
Named entity ⅇ
Hex entity ⅇ
Decimal ⅇ
CSS escape \2147
Not the same e · ⅆ (ⅆ) · ⅈ (ⅈ)
Prefer ⅇ in HTML markup (also aliased as ⅇ / ⅇ). You can also type ⅇ in UTF-8, or use numeric forms when needed.
Double-struck italic small e rendered alone and in a simple math use.
Exampleⅇx
Large glyphⅇ
Comparedⅇ e ⅆ ⅈ
With entitiesNamed: ⅇ | Hex: ⅇ | Decimal: ⅇ
Code
Complete HTML Example
One page that shows Double Struck Italic Small E with named, hex, decimal, CSS escape, and a typed character. Use View Output or open the live editor.
Named + Hex + Decimal + CSS + Typed
Five ways to produce ⅇ, plus a simple exponential example.
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Double Struck Italic Small E (ⅇ) in HTML</title>
<style>
#point::after {
content: "\2147";
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Small e using Named Entity: ⅇ</p>
<p>Small e using Hex Code: ⅇ</p>
<p>Small e using HTML Code: ⅇ</p>
<p id="point">Small e using CSS Entity: </p>
<p>Typed directly: ⅇ</p>
<p>Exponential: ⅇ<sup>x</sup></p>
</body>
</html>
Small e using Named Entity: ⅇ
Small e using Hex Code: ⅇ
Small e using HTML Code: ⅇ
Small e using CSS Entity: ⅇ
Typed directly: ⅇ
Exponential: ⅇˣ
How It Works
1. Named:ⅇ is the HTML5 name for U+2147 → ⅇ. Best default in markup (also ⅇ).
2. Hex:U+2147 → ⅇ in HTML. Same glyph as the named form.
3. Decimal: same code point as 8519 → ⅇ. Same result as hex and named.
4. CSS: use \2147 in content (not an HTML entity). #point::after appends that ⅇ after the paragraph text.
5. Typed / uses: paste ⅇ in UTF-8, or write ⅇ<sup>x</sup> for a simple exponential example.
Pitfalls & Tips
Common mistakes when working with Double Struck Italic Small E.
e
Not a styled letter e
Italic or bold CSS on ordinary e (U+0065) is not the same code point as ⅇ. Use the Letterlike Symbol when you need the exponential glyph.
EE
No &EE;
There is no capital &EE; for U+2147. Use ⅇ (lowercase) or the ⅇ alias.
Alias
Longer names work too
ⅇ and ⅇ are HTML5 aliases for the same character as ⅇ. Prefer the short form in everyday markup.
Family
Related Letterlike forms
Pair with ⅆ (differential) and ⅈ (imaginary unit) when writing math that uses the same double-struck italic set.
CSS vs HTML
Do not mix escapes
\2147 belongs in CSS strings. ⅇ / ⅇ / ⅇ belong in HTML.
Fonts
Math font coverage
Some fonts omit Letterlike Symbols. Prefer a math-capable font for reliable display of ⅇ.
Semicolon
End named entities
Always finish with ; — write ⅇ, not &ee.
Compatibility
Browser Support
Double-struck italic small e (U+2147) and its entity forms (ⅇ, ⅇ, ⅇ, CSS \\2147) are supported in all mainstream browsers. Visible glyphs depend on math / Letterlike Symbols font coverage.
✓ Universal support
Double Struck Italic Small E (ⅇ)
Encode with named, hex, decimal, CSS escape, or type the character — same code point everywhere encoding is supported.
100%Browser coverage
Google ChromeSupported
Yes
Microsoft EdgeSupported
Yes
Mozilla FirefoxSupported
Yes
Apple SafariSupported
Yes
OperaSupported
Yes
Internet ExplorerAll versions
Yes
U+2147 / entitiesFull support
Bottom line: Prefer ⅇ in HTML. Use ⅇ / ⅇ when numeric form is required, and \\2147 only inside CSS content.
Remember
Key Takeaways
Unicode: double-struck italic small e is U+2147 (decimal 8519) — glyph ⅇ.
HTML: prefer ⅇ — also ⅇ / ⅇ / type ⅇ.
CSS: use \2147 inside content for generated text.
Meaning:ⅇ = Euler / exponential e — not a styled letter e.
Use ⅇ (named), ⅇ (hex), ⅇ (decimal), type ⅇ directly in UTF-8, or the CSS escape \2147 in content. Prefer ⅇ in normal HTML.
U+2147 (DOUBLE-STRUCK ITALIC SMALL E). Hex 2147, decimal 8519. It belongs to the Letterlike Symbols block (U+2100–U+214F).
Yes. Use ⅇ (or the aliases ⅇ / ⅇ). Numeric forms ⅇ and ⅇ also work. There is no &EE; for this character.
Use it in mathematical or scientific text when you need the double-struck italic e for Euler’s number / the exponential base. Prefer an ordinary letter e when you only need a styled Latin e.
HTML entities (ⅇ, ⅇ, or ⅇ) go in markup. The CSS escape \2147 goes in stylesheet strings (usually content on ::before/::after).
No. ⅇ is ⅇ (U+2147). A styled CSS italic e is still the ordinary letter U+0065 — not this Letterlike Symbol.
🤔
Did you know?
Double-struck italic small e is Unicode U+2147 (decimal 8519) — glyph ⅇ in the Letterlike Symbols block. HTML5 names it ⅇ (also ⅇ / ⅇ). Common use: Euler’s number / the base of the natural exponential in math. Related: ⅆ (U+2146), ⅈ (U+2148).
