HTML Entity for Circumflex Accent Below (̭)

Beginner
⏱️ 5 min read
📚 Updated: Jun 2026
🎯 1 Code Example
Unicode U+032D
HTML entity for Circumflex Accent Below combining mark (U+032D) tutorial illustration

What You'll Learn

How to display the Combining Circumflex Accent Below (̭) in HTML and CSS. This character is U+032D in the Combining Diacritical Marks block (U+0300–U+036F), approved in Unicode 1.1 (1993). It is a nonspacing mark that attaches below the preceding character—the inverse of the regular combining circumflex (U+0302), which goes above.

There is no named HTML entity for U+032D. Use ̭ or ̭ in markup, or \32D in stylesheet content. Place the mark immediately after the base letter (e.g. ṱ renders as ṱ). Do not confuse U+032D with Combining Circumflex Accent U+0302 (̂, above the letter) or the spacing circumflex U+005E (^).

⚡ Quick Reference — Circumflex Accent Below

Unicode U+032D

Combining Diacritical Marks (U+0300–U+036F)

Hex Code ̭

Hexadecimal reference

HTML Code ̭

Decimal reference

Named Entity —

None (use numeric refs)

Reference Table
Name           Value
────────────   ──────────
Unicode        U+032D
Hex code       ̭
HTML code      ̭
Named entity   —
CSS code       \32D
1

Complete HTML Example

This example shows U+032D using hexadecimal and decimal references, combining with a base letter, plus a CSS content escape. There is no named HTML entity:

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
 <style>
  #point:after{
   content: "\32D";
  }
 </style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Circumflex Accent Below using Hexa Decimal: &#x032D;</p>
<p>Circumflex Accent Below using HTML Code: &#813;</p>
<p id="point">Circumflex Accent Below using CSS Entity: </p>
</body>
</html>
Try it Yourself

🌐 Browser Support

U+032D is widely supported when paired with a base character; combining mark placement depends on font shaping:

Chrome 1+
Firefox 1+
Safari 1+
Edge 12+
Opera 4+
Android 4.4+
iOS Safari 1+

👀 Live Preview

See the combining circumflex below with base letters (font-dependent):

With base letter ṱ Ṱ
Below vs above Below: ṱ (U+032D)   Above: t̂ (U+0302)
IPA context Phonetic transcription with diacritics below the letter
Standalone mark ̭
Monospace refs &#x032D; &#813; \32D

🧠 How It Works

1

Hexadecimal Code

&#x032D; references code point U+032D using hex digits 032D. Place it immediately after a base letter (e.g. t&#x032D;).

HTML markup
2

Decimal HTML Code

&#813; is the decimal equivalent (813) for the same Combining Circumflex Accent Below character.

HTML markup
3

CSS Entity

\32D is the CSS escape for U+032D, used in the content property of ::before or ::after.

CSS stylesheet
=

Combining behavior

The circumflex below attaches below the preceding character (combining class: Below). When alone it may display as a floating mark ̭. Regular combining circumflex above is U+0302 (̂). No named HTML entity exists.

✅

Use Cases

The Circumflex Accent Below (̭) is commonly used for:

🔤 IPA phonetics

International Phonetic Alphabet transcriptions requiring a circumflex below the letter.

📚 Linguistics

Phonetic notation, dialectology, and language documentation.

📖 Academic research

Linguistic papers and scholarly publications with specialized diacritics.

📄 Lexicography

Dictionary pronunciation keys and reference works with below-the-letter marks.

🌐 Minority languages

Orthographies and constructed writing systems using circumflex below.

🔤 Symbol references

Unicode tables explaining combining diacritical marks.

♿ Accessibility

Ensure base + combining sequence is correct; screen readers rely on proper Unicode order.

💡 Best Practices

Do

  • Place the circumflex below immediately after the base letter: t&#x032D;
  • Declare <meta charset="utf-8"> for correct combining rendering
  • Choose fonts that support Combining Diacritical Marks (U+0300–U+036F)
  • Use \32D only inside CSS content, not inside HTML text nodes
  • Distinguish below (U+032D) from above (U+0302) when authoring phonetic text

Don’t

  • Insert a space between the base letter and the combining mark
  • Confuse U+032D (circumflex below) with U+0302 (combining circumflex above)
  • Use spacing circumflex ^ (U+005E) when a combining mark is required
  • Assume every font positions circumflex below correctly on all base letters
  • Expect a named HTML entity—none exists for U+032D

Key Takeaways

1

Two numeric references render the combining mark

&#x032D; &#813;
2

CSS content escape

\32D
3

U+032D attaches below the preceding character; order matters

4

Combining Diacritical Marks block U+0300–U+036F; no named entity

5

Circumflex above = U+0302; circumflex below = U+032D

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

Use &#x032D; (hex), &#813; (decimal), or \32D in CSS content. Place the mark immediately after the base letter (e.g. t&#x032D; = ṱ). There is no named entity.
U+032D (Combining Circumflex Accent Below). Combining Diacritical Marks (U+0300–U+036F). Hex 032D, decimal 813. Attaches below the base character.
For IPA phonetic transcription, linguistics, specialized orthographies, dictionary pronunciation keys, and any content requiring a circumflex positioned below a letter.
Numeric references belong in HTML. The \32D escape belongs in stylesheets (for example on pseudo-elements). Place the circumflex below right after the base letter in HTML.
No. Use &#x032D;, &#813;, or \32D in CSS. Combining Circumflex Accent above is U+0302 (̂)—a different character.

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About the author

Mari Selvan M P
Mari Selvan M P 🔗

Developer, cloud engineer, and technical writer

  • Experience 12 years building web and cloud systems
  • Focus Full Stack Development, AWS, and Developer Education

I write practical tutorials so students and working developers can learn by doing—from databases and APIs to deployment on AWS.

AWS Certified Developer – Associate (Credly)

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