HTML Entity for Circled Dot Operator (⊙)
What You'll Learn
How to display the Circled Dot Operator (⊙) in HTML using numeric references, named entities, and CSS escapes. This character is U+2299 (CIRCLED DOT OPERATOR) in the Mathematical Operators block (U+2200–U+22FF). It denotes the Hadamard product (element-wise product) in linear algebra and appears in formal logic notation.
You can use the named entity ⊙, hex ⊙, decimal ⊙, or CSS \2299. Do not confuse ⊙ with Dot Operator U+22C5 (⋅), Middle Dot U+00B7 (·), or the astrological Sun U+2609 (☉).
⚡ Quick Reference — Circled Dot Operator
U+2299Mathematical Operators block
⊙Hexadecimal reference
⊙Decimal reference
⊙Standard HTML entity
Name Value
──────────── ──────────
Unicode U+2299
Hex code ⊙
HTML code ⊙
Named entity ⊙
CSS code \2299Complete HTML Example
This example demonstrates the Circled Dot Operator (⊙) using hexadecimal code, decimal HTML code, the named entity, and a CSS content escape:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
#point:after{
content: "\2299";
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p class="math">Circled Dot Operator using Hexa Decimal: ⊙</p>
<p class="math">Circled Dot Operator using HTML Code: ⊙</p>
<p class="math">Circled Dot Operator using HTML Entity: ⊙</p>
<p class="math" id="point">Circled Dot Operator using CSS Entity: </p>
</body>
</html>🌐 Browser Support
The Circled Dot Operator entity is universally supported in all modern browsers:
👀 Live Preview
See the Circled Dot Operator in math and notation contexts:
🧠 How It Works
Hexadecimal Code
⊙ uses the Unicode hexadecimal value 2299 to display the Circled Dot Operator.
Decimal HTML Code
⊙ uses the decimal Unicode value 8857 to display the same character.
Named HTML Entity
⊙ is the standard named entity for U+2299—short for “operator dot.”
CSS Entity
\2299 is used in CSS stylesheets, particularly in the content property of pseudo-elements like ::before and ::after.
Same visual result
All four methods produce the Circled Dot Operator glyph: ⊙. Unicode U+2299 sits in Mathematical Operators (U+2200–U+22FF).
Use Cases
The Circled Dot Operator (⊙) commonly appears in:
Element-wise product of vectors or matrices in linear algebra.
Formal logic where the circled dot denotes a specific operation.
Technical papers in math, physics, and numerical computation.
Linear algebra tutorials, textbooks, and e-learning platforms.
Documentation for NumPy, MATLAB, and similar element-wise APIs.
Unicode tables and math operator glossaries.
Use MathML or aria-label="circled dot operator" for screen readers.
💡 Best Practices
Do
- Prefer
⊙for readable math HTML source - Use math-friendly fonts (Cambria Math, STIX Two Math, serif)
- Keep entity style consistent within a document
- Consider MathML for complex equations
- Clarify Hadamard vs matrix multiplication in surrounding text
Don’t
- Confuse U+2299 (⊙) with U+22C5 Dot Operator (⋅)
- Put CSS escape
\2299inside HTML text nodes - Assume every font renders Mathematical Operators identically
- Use ⊙ decoratively where a plain middle dot is intended
- Mix entity styles randomly in one file
Key Takeaways
Named entity is the easiest option
⊙Numeric references also render ⊙
⊙ ⊙For CSS stylesheets, use the escape in the content property
\2299U+2299 CIRCLED DOT OPERATOR — Hadamard product
Four methods, one glyph — all widely supported
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
⊙ (named entity), ⊙ (hex), ⊙ (decimal), or \2299 in CSS content. All produce ⊙.U+2299 (CIRCLED DOT OPERATOR). Mathematical Operators block (U+2200–U+22FF). Hex 2299, decimal 8857.⊙, ⊙, or ⊙) go directly in markup. The CSS escape \2299 is used in stylesheets, typically in the content property of pseudo-elements.⊙ is the named entity for U+2299. Dot Operator is a different character: U+22C5 (⋅).Explore More HTML Entities!
Discover 1500+ HTML character references — math operators, symbols, arrows, and more.
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