HTML Entity for Bridge Below (̪)

Beginner
⏱️ 5 min read
📚 Updated: Jun 2026
🎯 1 Code Example
Unicode U+032A
HTML entity for Bridge Below combining mark (U+032A) tutorial illustration

What You'll Learn

How to display the Combining Bridge Below (̪) in HTML and CSS. This character is U+032A in the Combining Diacritical Marks block (U+0300–U+036F), approved in Unicode 1.1 (1993). It is a nonspacing mark that attaches below the preceding character.

In International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) notation, it denotes dental consonants—sounds articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth, such as θ (theta) and ð (eth). There is no named HTML entity for U+032A. Use ̪ or ̪ in markup, or \32A in stylesheet content. The related Combining Bridge Above is U+0346 (͆), used when space below is insufficient.

⚡ Quick Reference — Bridge Below

Unicode U+032A

Combining Diacritical Marks (U+0300–U+036F)

Hex Code ̪

Hexadecimal reference

HTML Code ̪

Decimal reference

Named Entity —

None (use numeric refs)

Reference Table
Name           Value
────────────   ──────────
Unicode        U+032A
Hex code       ̪
HTML code      ̪
Named entity   —
CSS code       \32A
1

Complete HTML Example

This example shows U+032A using hexadecimal and decimal references, combining with a base letter for IPA dental notation, plus a CSS content escape. There is no named HTML entity:

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
 <style>
  #point:after{
   content: "\32A";
  }
 </style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Bridge Below using Hexa Decimal: &#x032A;</p>
<p>Bridge Below using HTML Code: &#810;</p>
<p id="point">Bridge Below using CSS Entity: </p>
</body>
</html>
Try it Yourself

🌐 Browser Support

U+032A is widely supported when paired with a base character; combining mark placement depends on font shaping and IPA font choice:

Chrome 1+
Firefox 1+
Safari 1+
Edge 12+
Opera 4+
Android 4.4+
iOS Safari 1+

👀 Live Preview

See the combining bridge below with base letters (font-dependent; IPA fonts render best):

With base letter t̪ d̪ n̪
IPA context Dental: t̪ d̪ n̪ (tongue + upper teeth)
English “th” Fricatives: θ (think)   ð (this)
Standalone mark ̪
Monospace refs &#x032A; &#810; \32A

🧠 How It Works

1

Hexadecimal Code

&#x032A; references code point U+032A using hex digits 032A. Place it immediately after a base letter (e.g. t&#x032A;).

HTML markup
2

Decimal HTML Code

&#810; is the decimal equivalent (810) for the same Combining Bridge Below character.

HTML markup
3

CSS Entity

\32A is the CSS escape for U+032A, used in the content property of ::before or ::after.

CSS stylesheet
=

Combining behavior

The bridge below attaches below the preceding character (combining class: Below). When alone it may display as a floating mark ̪. Related: Combining Bridge Above U+0346 (͆).

✅

Use Cases

The Bridge Below (̪) is commonly used for:

🔤 IPA phonetics

IPA transcriptions for dental consonants (e.g. t̪, d̪, n̪).

📚 Linguistics

Phonological notation, phonetic research, and language documentation.

📖 Phonetic transcription

Dictionary entries, pronunciation guides, and speech pathology notation.

🎓 Academic publications

Phonology papers, linguistic journals, and scholarly articles.

🌐 Language documentation

Endangered language preservation, field linguistics, and descriptive phonetics.

✏ Typography

Correct rendering of IPA diacritics in multilingual and phonetic typography.

♿ Accessibility

Ensure base + combining sequence is correct; screen readers rely on proper Unicode order.

💡 Best Practices

Do

  • Place the bridge below immediately after the base letter: t&#x032A;
  • Use IPA-aware fonts (e.g. Charis SIL, Doulos SIL) for reliable dental notation
  • Declare <meta charset="utf-8"> for correct combining rendering
  • Use \32A only inside CSS content, not inside HTML text nodes
  • Distinguish dental plosives (t̪) from dental fricatives (θ, ð)

Don’t

  • Insert a space between the base letter and the combining mark
  • Confuse U+032A (bridge below) with U+0346 (bridge above)
  • Assume every font supports U+032A or positions the bridge correctly
  • Mix CSS escapes into HTML text nodes (use numeric refs in markup)
  • Expect a named HTML entity—none exists for U+032A

Key Takeaways

1

Two numeric references render the combining mark

&#x032A; &#810;
2

CSS content escape

\32A
3

U+032A attaches below the preceding character; order matters

4

Combining Diacritical Marks block; approved in Unicode 1.1 (1993)

5

Used in IPA for dental consonants (tongue against upper teeth)

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

Use &#x032A; (hex), &#810; (decimal), or \32A in CSS content. Place the mark immediately after the base letter (e.g. t&#x032A; = t̪). There is no named entity.
U+032A (Combining Bridge Below). Combining Diacritical Marks (U+0300–U+036F), Unicode 1.1 (1993). Hex 032A, decimal 810.
For IPA phonetics, dental consonant notation, linguistics, phonetic transcription, language documentation, and academic phonology publications.
Numeric references belong in HTML. The \32A escape belongs in stylesheets (for example on pseudo-elements). Both produce the same combining mark.
No. Use &#x032A;, &#810;, or \32A in CSS depending on whether you are authoring markup or styles.

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About the author

Mari Selvan M P
Mari Selvan M P 🔗

Developer, cloud engineer, and technical writer

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