Lowercase Roman Numeral Nine (ⅸ) is the Unicode character at U+2178 in the Number Forms block. It is a single glyph for the value 9 in lowercase roman style — not the same as typing the letters ix.
Remember
Character ⅸ
Unicode U+2178
Hex entity ⅸ
Decimal ⅸ
CSS escape \2178
Named entity (none)
All of these produce the same glyph: ⅸ. Prefer this character when you need a true roman numeral glyph; type the letters ix when you only need ordinary text.
Reference
Quick Reference
One table for every form you will actually use.
Form
Code
Where it goes
Direct character
ⅸ
HTML text (UTF-8)
Hex entity
ⅸ
HTML markup
Decimal entity
ⅸ
HTML markup
CSS escape
\2178
Stylesheet content
Named entity
—
Not defined in HTML5
When to use which
Situation
Use
Need the roman numeral glyph ⅸ
Type ⅸ, or ⅸ / ⅸ
Generated text via ::before / ::after
content: "\2178"
Uppercase roman numeral nine
Use Ⅸ (U+2168)
Ordinary letters ix (not a numeral)
Type ix
Looking for &romanix; or similar
Does not exist — use numeric form
See it
Live Preview
Lowercase Roman Numeral Nine rendered in common UI contexts.
Inline textⅸ. Index
Large glyphⅸ
Outline listⅶ Seven ⅷ Eight ⅸ Nine
Monospacesection ⅸ → notes
With entitiesHex: ⅸ | Decimal: ⅸ
Code
Complete HTML Example
One page that shows Lowercase Roman Numeral Nine with the hex entity, decimal entity, CSS escape, and a typed character. Use View Output or open the live editor.
Hex + Decimal + CSS + Typed
All four ways to produce ⅸ in a single document.
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Lowercase Roman Numeral Nine (ⅸ) in HTML</title>
<style>
#point::after {
content: "\2178";
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Lowercase Roman 9 using Hex Code: ⅸ</p>
<p>Lowercase Roman 9 using HTML Code: ⅸ</p>
<p id="point">Lowercase Roman 9 using CSS Entity: </p>
<p>Typed directly: ⅸ</p>
</body>
</html>
Lowercase Roman 9 using Hex Code: ⅸ
Lowercase Roman 9 using HTML Code: ⅸ
Lowercase Roman 9 using CSS Entity: ⅸ
Typed directly: ⅸ
How It Works
1. Hex:U+2178 → ⅸ in HTML. The browser turns it into ⅸ.
2. Decimal: same code point as 8568 → ⅸ. Same result as hex.
3. CSS: use \2178 in content (not an HTML entity). #point::after appends that ⅸ after the paragraph text.
4. Typed ⅸ: fine in UTF-8 pages. All four lines show the same roman numeral.
Pitfalls & Tips
Common mistakes when working with Lowercase Roman Numeral Nine entities.
Named?
No named entity
HTML5 does not define &romanix; or similar. Use numeric forms.
CSS vs HTML
Do not mix escapes
\2178 belongs in CSS. ⅸ / ⅸ belong in HTML.
ⅸ vs ix vs Ⅸ
Different characters
ⅸ is U+2178; letters ix are Basic Latin; uppercase Ⅸ is U+2168.
Fonts
Check the glyph
Number Forms support varies by font. If ⅸ is missing, fall back to ix or another font.
Semicolon
End references
Always finish with ; — write ⅸ, not ⅸ.
Lists
Prefer CSS for lists
For auto-numbered roman lists, prefer list-style-type: lower-roman instead of hard-coding ⅸ.
Compatibility
Browser Support
Lowercase Roman Numeral Nine (U+2178) and its numeric entity forms (ⅸ, ⅸ, CSS \\2178) are supported in all mainstream browsers. Glyph shape depends on the font.
✓ Universal support
Lowercase Roman 9 (ⅸ)
Encode with hex, decimal, or CSS escape — or paste ⅸ in UTF-8 HTML.
100%Browser coverage
Google ChromeSupported
Yes
Microsoft EdgeSupported
Yes
Mozilla FirefoxSupported
Yes
Apple SafariSupported
Yes
OperaSupported
Yes
Internet ExplorerAll versions
Yes
U+2178 / entitiesFull support
Bottom line: Use ⅸ or ⅸ for the Unicode glyph, and \\2178 only inside CSS content. Prefer the letters ix for ordinary text.
Remember
Key Takeaways
Unicode: Lowercase Roman Numeral Nine is U+2178 (decimal 8568).
HTML: use ⅸ or ⅸ when you need an entity.
CSS: use \2178 inside content for generated text.
Default: use ⅸ for roman outlines; type ix for ordinary letters.
One line:U+2178 → ⅸ / ⅸ / CSS \2178, or paste ⅸ.
Frequently Asked Questions
Use ⅸ (hex), ⅸ (decimal), or the CSS escape \2178 in the content property. All render ⅸ. You can also paste ⅸ directly when your file is UTF-8.
U+2178 (hex 2178, decimal 8568). It belongs to the Number Forms Unicode block.
No. HTML5 does not define a named entity for ⅸ. Use numeric references like ⅸ or ⅸ.
Use it for outline labels, chapter markers, and typography that needs a true lowercase roman numeral glyph. For ordinary text, typing ix is usually enough.
No. The Latin letters that form ix are separate Basic Latin characters. Uppercase roman numeral nine is U+2168 (Ⅸ). Lowercase roman numeral nine is U+2178 (ⅸ) — a different character.
HTML entities (ⅸ or ⅸ) go in markup. The CSS escape \2178 is used in stylesheets (usually in the content property of ::before/::after). Both render ⅸ.
🤔
Did you know?
Lowercase roman numeral nine is Unicode U+2178 (decimal 8568). HTML5 has no named entity for it — use ⅸ or ⅸ. It is a different character from the letters ix and from uppercase roman Ⅸ (U+2168).
