HTML Entities

Beginner
⏱️ 18 min read
📚 Updated: May 2026
🎯 1 Code Example
Character references & Unicode

What You'll Learn

HTML character references (often called entities) let you write characters that are hard to type, easy to misread in source, or reserved in HTML syntax. A reference starts with & and ends with ;: named forms like ©, decimal like ©, or hexadecimal like ©. The browser decodes them to a single Unicode character in the document.

This page is the overview and entry point for thousands of per-code-point tutorials on this site. The Quick Reference below lists the full HTML entity table for quick copy-paste; topic hubs such as alphabet, punctuation, math, currency, symbols, and arrows group related glyphs with extra prose and examples.

⚡ Quick Reference — HTML Entities

Searchable full reference table (same coverage as the classic HTML5 entity list on this topic). Use the filter for symbol, Unicode (e.g. U+00A9), hex, decimal, or entity name. For a focused Latin-letter hub with extra context, also see HTML alphabet entities.

SymbolUnicodeHex codeHTML codeHTML entity
AU+0041AA&A;
U+212BÅÅ-
ÀU+00C0ÀÀÀ
ÁU+00C1ÁÁÁ
ÂU+00C2ÂÂÂ
ÃU+00C3ÃÃÃ
ÄU+00C4ÄÄÄ
ÅU+00C5ÅÅÅ
ĀU+0100ĀĀĀ
ĂU+0102ĂĂĂ
ĄU+0104ĄĄĄ
ǍU+01CDǍǍ-
ǞU+01DEǞǞ-
ǠU+01E0ǠǠ-
ǺU+01FAǺǺ-
ȀU+0200ȀȀ-
ȂU+0202ȂȂ-
ȦU+0226ȦȦ-
ȺU+023AȺȺ-
aU+0061aa&a;
ȧU+0227ȧȧ-
àU+00E0ààà
áU+00E1ááá
âU+00E2âââ
ãU+00E3ããã
äU+00E4äää
åU+00E5ååå
āU+0101āāā
ăU+0103ăăă
ąU+0105ąąą
ǎU+01CEǎǎ-
ǟU+01DFǟǟ-
ǡU+01E1ǡǡ-
ǻU+01FBǻǻ-
ȁU+0201ȁȁ-
ȃU+0203ȃȃ-
ɐU+0250ɐɐ-
aU+0363ͣͣ-
U+2090ₐₐ-
BU+0042BB&B;
U+212Cℬℬℬ
ɃU+0243ɃɃ-
ʙU+0299ʙʙ-
ƁU+0181ƁƁ-
ƂU+0182ƂƂ-
ƄU+0184ƄƄ-
bU+0062bb&b;
ɓU+0253ɓɓ-
ƀU+0180ƀƀ-
ƃU+0183ƃƃ-
ƅU+0185ƅƅ-
CU+0043CC&C;
ȻU+023BȻȻ-
ʗU+0297ʗʗ-
ÇU+00C7ÇÇÇ
ĆU+0106ĆĆĆ
ĈU+0108ĈĈĈ
ĊU+010AĊĊĊ
ČU+010CČČČ
ƆU+0186ƆƆ-
ƇU+0187ƇƇ-
U+2102ℂℂℂ
U+212Dℭℭℭ
cU+0063cc&c;
ɔU+0254ɔɔ-
ȼU+023Cȼȼ-
ɕU+0255ɕɕ-
cU+0368ͨͨ-
çU+00E7ççç
ćU+0107ććć
ĉU+0109ĉĉĉ
ċU+010Bċċċ
čU+010Dččč
ƈU+0188ƈƈ-
DU+0044DD&D;
ÐU+00D0ÐÐÐ
ĎU+010EĎĎĎ
ĐU+0110ĐĐĐ
ƉU+0189ƉƉ-
ƊU+018AƊƊ-
ƋU+018BƋƋ-
dU+0064dd&d;
dU+0369ͩͩ-
ȡU+0221ȡȡ-
ɖU+0256ɖɖ-
ɗU+0257ɗɗ-
ďU+010Fďďď
đU+0111đđđ
ƌU+018Cƌƌ-
EU+0045EE&E;
ɆU+0246ɆɆ-
ȨU+0228ȨȨ-
ɛU+025Bɛɛ-
ƐU+0190ƐƐ-
ɜU+025Cɜɜ-
ɝU+025Dɝɝ-
ɞU+025Eɞɞ-
ÈU+00C8ÈÈÈ
ÉU+00C9ÉÉÉ
ÊU+00CAÊÊÊ
ËU+00CBËËË
ĒU+0112ĒĒĒ
ĔU+0114ĔĔ-
ĖU+0116ĖĖĖ
ĘU+0118ĘĘĘ
ĚU+011AĚĚĚ
ƎU+018EƎƎ-
ƐU+0190ƐƐ-
ȄU+0204ȄȄ-
ȆU+0206ȆȆ-
U+2130ℰℰℰ
U+212E℮℮-
U+212Fℯℯℯ
eU+0065ee&e;
eU+0364ͤͤ-
ɘU+0258ɘɘ-
ɇU+0247ɇɇ-
ȩU+0229ȩȩ-
əU+0259əə-
ƏU+018FƏƏ-
ɚU+025Aɚɚ-
èU+00E8èèè
éU+00E9ééé
êU+00EAêêê
ëU+00EBëëë
ēU+0113ēēē
ĕU+0115ĕĕ-
ėU+0117ėėė
ęU+0119ęęę
ěU+011Běěě
ǝU+01DDǝǝ-
ȅU+0205ȅȅ-
ȇU+0207ȇȇ-
U+2091ₑₑ-
U+2094ₔₔ-
FU+0046FF&F;
ƑU+0191ƑƑ-
U+2131ℱℱℱ
U+2132ℲℲ-
U+214Eⅎⅎ-
fU+0066ff&f;
ɟU+025Fɟɟ-
ƒU+0192ƒƒ-
GU+0047GG-
ĜU+011CĜĜĜ
ĞU+011EĞĞĞ
ɢU+0262ɢɢ-
ʛU+029Bʛʛ-
ĠU+0120ĠĠĠ
ĢU+0122ĢĢĢ
ƓU+0193ƓƓ-
ǤU+01E4ǤǤ-
ǦU+01E6ǦǦ-
ǴU+01F4ǴǴ-
U+2141⅁⅁-
gU+0067gg&g;
U+210Aℊℊℊ
ɠU+0260ɠɠ-
ɡU+0261ɡɡ-
ĝU+011Dĝĝĝ
ğU+011Fğğğ
ġU+0121ġġ-
ģU+0123ģģ-
ǥU+01E5ǥǥ-
ǧU+01E7ǧǧ-
ǵU+01F5ǵǵ-
HU+0048HH&H;
U+210Bℋℋℋ
U+210Dℍℍℍ
ʜU+029Cʜʜ-
ȞU+021EȞȞ-
ĤU+0124ĤĤĤ
ĦU+0126ĦĦĦ
hU+0068hh&h;
U+210Cℌℌℌ
U+210Eℎℎℎ
U+210Fℏℏℏ
ɥU+0265ɥɥ-
ʮU+02AEʮʮ-
ʯU+02AFʯʯ-
hU+036Aͪͪ-
ɦU+0266ɦɦ-
ɧU+0267ɧɧ-
ȟU+021Fȟȟ-
ĥU+0125ĥĥĥ
ħU+0127ħħħ
IU+0049II&I;
U+2110ℐℐℐ
U+2111ℑℑℑ
ɪU+026Aɪɪ-
ÌU+00CCÌÌÌ
ÍU+00CDÍÍÍ
ÎU+00CEÎÎÎ
ÏU+00CFÏÏÏ
ĨU+0128ĨĨĨ
ĪU+012AĪĪĪ
ĬU+012CĬĬ-
ĮU+012EĮĮĮ
İU+0130İİİ
ƖU+0196ƖƖ-
ƗU+0197ƗƗ-
ǏU+01CFǏǏ-
ȈU+0208ȈȈ-
ȊU+020AȊȊ-
iU+0069ii&i;
ɨU+0268ɨɨ-
iU+0365ͥͥ-
ìU+00ECììì
íU+00EDííí
îU+00EEîîî
ïU+00EFïïï
ĩU+0129ĩĩĩ
īU+012Bīīī
ĭU+012Dĭĭ-
įU+012Fįįį
ıU+0131ııı
ǐU+01D0ǐǐ-
ȉU+0209ȉȉ-
ȋU+020Bȋȋ-
JU+004AJJ&J;
ɈU+0248ɈɈ-
ɾU+027Eɾɾ-
ɿU+027Fɿɿ-
ĴU+0134ĴĴĴ
jU+006Ajj&j;
ȷU+0237ȷȷ-
ɉU+0249ɉɉ-
ʝU+029Dʝʝ-
ĵU+0135ĵĵĵ
ǰU+01F0ǰǰ-
KU+004BKK&K;
U+212AKK-
ĶU+0136ĶĶĶ
ƘU+0198ƘƘ-
ǨU+01E8ǨǨ-
kU+006Bkk&k;
ķU+0137ķķķ
ĸU+0138ĸĸĸ
ʞU+029Eʞʞ-
ƙU+0199ƙƙ-
ǩU+01E9ǩǩ-
LU+004CLL&L;
U+2112ℒℒℒ
U+2142⅂⅂-
U+2143⅃⅃-
ȽU+023DȽȽ-
ʟU+029Fʟʟ-
ĹU+0139ĹĹĹ
ĻU+013BĻĻĻ
ĽU+013DĽĽĽ
ĿU+013FĿĿĿ
ŁU+0141ŁŁŁ
lU+006Cll&l;
U+2113ℓℓℓ
ȴU+0234ȴȴ-
ɫU+026Bɫɫ-
ɬU+026Cɬɬ-
ɭU+026Dɭɭ-
ĺU+013Aĺĺĺ
ļU+013Cļļļ
ľU+013Eľľľ
ŀU+0140ŀŀŀ
łU+0142łłł
ƚU+019Aƚƚ-
MU+004DMM&M;
U+2133ℳℳℳ
mU+006Dmm&m;
ɯU+026Fɯɯ-
ƜU+019CƜƜ-
ɰU+0270ɰɰ-
ɱU+0271ɱɱ-
mU+036Bͫͫ-
NU+004ENN&N;
U+2115ℕℕℕ
U+2135ℵℵℵ
ɴU+0274ɴɴ-
ÑU+00D1ÑÑÑ
ŃU+0143ŃŃŃ
ŅU+0145ŅŅŅ
ŇU+0147ŇŇŇ
ƝU+019DƝƝ-
ǸU+01F8ǸǸ-
ŊU+014AŊŊŊ
nU+006Enn&n;
ȠU+0220ȠȠ-
ȵU+0235ȵȵ-
ɲU+0272ɲɲ-
ɳU+0273ɳɳ-
ñU+00F1ñññ
ņU+0146ņņņ
ňU+0148ňňň
ʼnU+0149ʼn&#napos;-
ŋU+0148ŋŋŋ
ƞU+019Eƞƞ-
ǹU+01F9ǹǹ-
OU+004FOO&O;
ʘU+0298ʘʘ-
ȰU+0230ȰȰ-
ȮU+022EȮȮ-
ȬU+022CȬȬ-
ȪU+022AȪȪ-
ÒU+00D2ÒÒÒ
ÓU+00D3ÓÓÓ
ÔU+00D4ÔÔÔ
ÕU+00D5ÕÕÕ
ÖU+00D6ÖÖÖ
ØU+00D8ØØØ
ŌU+014CŌŌŌ
ŎU+014EŎŎ-
ŐU+0150ŐŐŐ
ƟU+019FƟƟ-
ƠU+01A0ƠƠ-
ǑU+01D1ǑǑ-
ǪU+01EAǪǪ-
ǬU+01ECǬǬ-
ǾU+01FEǾǾ-
ȌU+020CȌȌ-
ȎU+020EȎȎ-
oU+006Foo&o;
U+2134ℴℴℴ
oU+0366ͦͦ-
ɵU+0275ɵɵ-
ȱU+0231ȱȱ-
ȯU+022Fȯȯ-
ȭU+022Dȭȭ-
ȫU+022Bȫȫ-
òU+00F2òòò
óU+00F3óóó
ôU+00F4ôôô
õU+00F5õõõ
öU+00F6ööö
øU+00F8øøø
ōU+014Dōōō
ŏU+014Fŏŏ-
őU+0151őőő
ơU+01A1ơơ-
ǒU+01D2ǒǒ-
ǫU+01EBǫǫ-
ǭU+01EDǭǭ-
ǿU+01FFǿǿ-
ȍU+020Dȍȍ-
ȏU+020Fȏȏ-
U+2092ₒₒ-
PU+0050PP&P;
U+2117℗℗℗
U+2118℘℘℘
U+2119ℙℙℙ
ƤU+01A4ƤƤ-
pU+0070pp&p;
ƥU+01A5ƥƥ-
QU+0051QQ&Q;
U+211Aℚℚℚ
ɊU+024AɊɊ-
qU+0071qq&q;
ɋU+024Bɋɋ-
ʠU+02A0ʠʠ-
RU+0052RR&R;
U+211Bℛℛℛ
U+211Cℜℜℜ
U+211Dℝℝℝ
U+211F℟℟-
ɌU+024CɌɌ-
ʀU+0280ʀʀ-
ʁU+0281ʁʁ-
ŔU+0154ŔŔŔ
ŖU+0156ŖŖŖ
ŘU+0158ŘŘŘ
ƦU+01A6ƦƦ-
ȐU+0210ȐȐ-
ȒU+0212ȒȒ-
rU+0072rr&r;
rU+036Cͬͬ-
ɍU+024Dɍɍ-
ɹU+0279ɹɹ-
ɺU+027Aɺɺ-
ɻU+027Bɻɻ-
ɼU+027Cɼɼ-
ɽU+027Dɽɽ-
ŕU+0155ŕŕŕ
ŗU+0157ŗŗŗ
řU+0159řřř
ȑU+0211ȑȑ-
ȓU+0213ȓȓ-
SU+0053SS&S;
ȘU+0218ȘȘ-
ŚU+015AŚŚŚ
ŜU+015CŜŜŜ
ŞU+015EŞŞŞ
ŠU+0160ŠŠŠ
ƧU+01A7ƧƧ-
sU+0073ss&s;
ȿU+023Fȿȿ-
ʂU+0282ʂʂ-
șU+0219șș-
śU+015Bśśś
ŝU+015Dŝŝŝ
şU+015Fşşş
šU+0161ššš
ƨU+01A8ƨƨ-
TU+0054TT&T;
ȾU+023EȾȾ-
ȚU+021AȚȚ-
ŢU+0162ŢŢŢ
ŤU+0162ŤŤŢ
ŦU+0166ŦŦŦ
ƬU+01ACƬƬ-
ƮU+01AEƮƮ-
tU+0074tt&t;
ȶU+0236ȶȶ-
ʇU+0287ʇʇ-
ʈU+0288ʈʈ-
tU+036Dͭͭ-
țU+021Bțț-
ţU+0163ţţţ
ťU+0165ťťť
ŧU+0167ŧŧŧ
ƫU+01ABƫƫ-
ƭU+01ADƭƭ-
UU+0055UU&U;
ɄU+0244ɄɄ-
ÙU+00D9ÙÙÙ
ÚU+00DAÚÚÚ
ÛU+00DBÛÛÛ
ÜU+00DCÜÜÜ
ŨU+0168ŨŨŨ
ŪU+016AŪŪŪ
ŬU+016CŬŬŬ
ŮU+016EŮŮŮ
ŰU+0170ŰŰŰ
ŲU+0172ŲŲŲ
ƯU+01AFƯƯ-
ǓU+01D3ǓǓ-
ǕU+01D5ǕǕ-
ǗU+01D7ǗǗ-
ǙU+01D9ǙǙ-
ǛU+01DBǛǛ-
ȔU+0214ȔȔ-
ȖU+0216ȖȖ-
uU+0075uu&u;
ʉU+0289ʉʉ-
uU+0367ͧͧ-
ùU+00F9ùùù
úU+00FAúúú
ûU+00FBûûû
üU+00FCüüü
ũU+0169ũũũ
ūU+016Būūū
ŭU+016Dŭŭŭ
ůU+016Fůůů
űU+0171űűű
ųU+0173ųųų
ưU+01B0ưư-
ǔU+01D4ǔǔ-
ǖU+01D6ǖǖ-
ǘU+01D8ǘǘ-
ǚU+01DAǚǚ-
ǜU+01DCǜǜ-
ȕU+0215ȕȕ-
ȗU+0217ȗȗ-
VU+0056VV-
U+2123℣℣-
ɅU+0245ɅɅ-
ƲU+01B2ƲƲ-
vU+0076vv&v;
ʋU+028Bʋʋ-
ʌU+028Cʌʌ-
vU+036Eͮͮ-
WU+0057WW&W;
ŴU+0174ŴŴŴ
wU+0077ww&w;
ʍU+028Dʍʍ-
ŵU+0175ŵŵŵ
XU+0058XX&X;
xU+0078xx&x;
xU+036Fͯͯ-
U+2093ₓₓ-
YU+0059YY&Y;
ȲU+0232ȲȲ-
ɎU+024EɎɎ-
ʏU+028Fʏʏ-
ÝU+00DDÝÝÝ
ŶU+0176ŶŶŶ
ŸU+0178ŸŸŸ
ƳU+01B3ƳƳ-
U+2144⅄⅄-
yU+0079yy&y;
ȳU+0233ȳȳ-
ɏU+024Fɏɏ-
ʎU+028Eʎʎ-
ýU+00FDýýý
ÿU+00FFÿÿÿ
ŷU+0177ŷŷŷ
ƴU+01B4ƴƴ-
ZU+005AZZ&Z;
U+2124ℤℤℤ
U+2621☡☡-
ȤU+0224ȤȤ-
ŹU+0179ŹŹŹ
ŻU+017BŻŻŻ
ŽU+017DŽŽŽ
ƵU+01B5ƵƵ-
zU+007Azz&z;
ȥU+0225ȥȥ-
ɀU+0240ɀɀ-
ʑU+0291ʑʑ-
ʐU+0290ʐʐ-
źU+017Aźźź
żU+017Cżżż
žU+017Ežžž
ƶU+01B6ƶƶ-
ÆU+00C6ÆÆÆ
ɶU+0276ɶɶ-
ȢU+0222ȢȢ-
IJU+0132IJIJIJ
ŒU+0152ŒŒŒ
ƢU+01A2ƢƢ-
DŽU+01C4DŽDŽ-
DžU+01C5DžDž-
LJU+01C7LJLJ-
LjU+01C8LjLj-
NJU+01CANJNJ-
NjU+01CBNjNj-
ǢU+01E2ǢǢ-
DZU+01F1DZDZ-
DzU+01F2DzDz-
ǼU+01FCǼǼ-
ǶU+01F6ǶǶ-
U+2104℄℄-
U+2114℔℔-
U+211E℞℞℞
æU+00E6æææ
ȣU+0223ȣȣ-
ȸU+0238ȸȸ-
ȹU+0239ȹȹ-
ʣU+02A3ʣʣ-
ʤU+02A4ʤʤ-
ʥU+02A5ʥʥ-
ʦU+02A6ʦʦ-
ʧU+02A7ʧʧ-
ʨU+02A8ʨʨ-
ʩU+02A9ʩʩ-
ʪU+02AAʪʪ-
ʫU+02ABʫʫ-
ʬU+02ACʬʬ-
ijU+0133ijijij
œU+0153œœœ
ƕU+0195ƕƕ-
ƣU+01A3ƣƣ-
džU+01C6dždž-
ljU+01C9ljlj-
njU+01CCnjnj-
ǣU+01E3ǣǣ-
ǽU+01FDǽǽ-
ÞU+00DEÞÞÞ
ßU+00DFßßß
ðU+00F0ððð
þU+00FEþþþ
ſU+017Fſſ-
ƍU+018Dƍƍ-
ƔU+0194ƔƔ-
ƛU+019Bƛƛ-
ƩU+01A9ƩƩ-
ƪU+01AAƪƪ-
ƱU+01B1ƱƱ-
ƷU+01B7ƷƷ-
ƸU+01B8ƸƸ-
ƹU+01B9ƹƹ-
ƺU+01BAƺƺ-
ƻU+01BBƻƻ-
ƼU+01BCƼƼ-
ƽU+01BDƽƽ-
ƾU+01BEƾƾ-
ƿU+01BFƿƿ-
ǀU+01C0ǀǀ-
ǁU+01C1ǁǁ-
ǂU+01C2ǂǂ-
ǃU+01C3ǃǃ-
ǮU+01EEǮǮ-
ǯU+01EFǯǯ-
ǷU+01F7ǷǷ-
ȜU+021CȜȜ-
ȝU+021Dȝȝ-
ɁU+0241ɁɁ-
ɂU+0242ɂɂ-
ɣU+0263ɣɣ-
ɤU+0264ɤɤ-
ɮU+026Eɮɮ-
ɷU+0277ɷɷ-
ɸU+0278ɸɸ-
ʃU+0283ʃʃ-
ʄU+0284ʄʄ-
ʅU+0285ʅʅ-
ʆU+0286ʆʆ-
ʊU+028Aʊʊ-
ʒU+0292ʒʒ-
ʓU+0293ʓʓ-
ʔU+0294ʔʔ-
ʕU+0295ʕʕ-
ʖU+0296ʖʖ-
ʡU+02A1ʡʡ-
ʢU+02A2ʢʢ-
ʭU+02ADʭʭ-
ɑU+0251ɑɑ-
ɒU+0252ɒɒ-
ʚU+029Aʚʚ-
ɩU+0269ɩɩ-
U+2190←←←
U+219A↚↚↚
U+219C↜↜-
U+219E↞↞↞
U+21A2↢↢↢
U+21A4↤↤↤
U+21A9↩↩↩
U+21AB↫↫↫
U+21B0↰↰↰
U+21B2↲↲↲
U+21B5↵↵↵
U+21BC↼↼↼
U+21BD↽↽↽
U+21C7⇇⇇⇇
U+21CD⇍⇍⇍
U+21D0⇐⇐⇐
U+21DA⇚⇚⇚
U+21DC⇜⇜-
U+21E0⇠⇠-
U+21E4⇤⇤⇤
U+21E6⇦⇦-
U+21F7⇷⇷-
U+21FA⇺⇺-
U+21FD⇽⇽⇽
U+27F5⟵⟵⟵
U+27F8⟸⟸⟸
U+27FB⟻⟻-
U+27FD⟽⟽-
U+2902⤂⤂⤂
U+2906⤆⤆-
U+290C⤌⤌⤌
U+290E⤎⤎⤎
U+2919⤙⤙⤙
U+291B⤛⤛⤛
U+291D⤝⤝⤝
U+291F⤟⤟⤟
U+2936⤶⤶⤶
U+2946⥆⥆-
U+2952⥒⥒-
U+2956⥖⥖-
U+295A⥚⥚-
U+295E⥞⥞-
U+2962⥢⥢⥢
U+2966⥦⥦⥦
U+2967⥧⥧⥧
U+296A⥪⥪⥪
U+296B⥫⥫⥫
U+2973⥳⥳⥳
U+2976⥶⥶⥶
U+2977⥷⥷-
U+297A⥺⥺-
U+297B⥻⥻⥻
U+297C⥼⥼⥼
U+2191↑↑↑
U+219F↟↟↟
U+21A5↥↥↥
U+21BE↾↾↾
U+21BF↿↿↿
U+21C8⇈⇈⇈
U+21D1⇑⇑⇑
U+21DE⇞⇞-
U+21E1⇡⇡-
U+21E7⇧⇧-
U+21EA⇪⇪-
U+21EB⇫⇫-
U+21EC⇬⇬-
U+21ED⇭⇭-
U+21EE⇮⇮-
U+21EF⇯⇯-
U+27F0⟰⟰-
U+2909⤉⤉-
U+290A⤊⤊-
U+2912⤒⤒-
U+2934⤴⤴-
U+2949⥉⥉⥉
U+2954⥔⥔-
U+2958⥘⥘-
U+295C⥜⥜-
U+2960⥠⥠-
U+2963⥣⥣⥣
U+297E⥾⥾⥾
U+21FE⇾⇾⇾
U+27F4⟴⟴-
U+27F6⟶⟶⟶
U+27F9⟹⟹⟹
U+27FC⟼⟼⟼
U+27FE⟾⟾-
U+27FF⟿⟿⟿
U+2900⤀⤀-
U+2901⤁⤁-
U+2903⤃⤃⤃
U+2905⤅⤅⤅
U+2907⤇⤇-
U+290D⤍⤍⤍
U+290F⤏⤏⤏
U+2910⤐⤐⤐
U+2911⤑⤑⤑
U+2914⤔⤔-
U+2915⤕⤕-
U+2916⤖⤖⤖
U+2917⤗⤗-
U+2918⤘⤘-
U+291A⤚⤚⤚
U+291C⤜⤜⤜
U+291E⤞⤞⤞
U+2920⤠⤠⤠
U+2192→→→
U+219B↛↛↛
U+219D↝↝↝
U+21A0↠↠↠
U+21A3↣↣↣
U+21A6↦↦-
U+2933⤳⤳⤳
U+21AA↪↪↪
U+21AC↬↬↬
U+21B1↱↱↱
U+21B3↳↳↳
U+21C0⇀⇀⇀
U+21C1⇁⇁⇁
U+21C9⇉⇉⇉
U+21CF⇏⇏⇏
U+21D2⇒⇒⇒
U+21DB⇛⇛⇛
U+21DD⇝⇝⇝
U+21E2⇢⇢-
U+21E5⇥⇥⇥
U+21E8⇨⇨-
U+21F0⇰⇰-
U+21F4⇴⇴-
U+21F6⇶⇶-
U+21F8⇸⇸-
U+21FB⇻⇻-
U+2937⤷⤷⤷
U+2945⥅⥅⥅
U+2947⥇⥇-
U+2953⥓⥓-
U+2957⥗⥗-
U+295B⥛⥛-
U+295F⥟⥟-
U+2964⥤⥤⥤
U+296C⥬⥬⥬
U+296D⥭⥭⥭
U+2970⥰⥰-
U+2971⥱⥱⥱
U+2972⥲⥲⥲
U+2974⥴⥴⥴
U+2975⥵⥵⥵
U+2978⥸⥸⥸
U+2979⥹⥹⥹
U+297D⥽⥽⥽
U+2794➔➔-
U+2799➙➙-
U+279B➛➛-
U+279C➜➜-
U+279D➝➝-
U+279E➞➞-
U+279F➟➟-
U+27A0➠➠-
U+27A1➡➡-
U+27A2➢➢-
U+27A3➣➣-
U+27A4➤➤-
U+27A5➥➥-
U+27A6➦➦-
U+27A7➧➧-
U+27A8➨➨-
U+27A9➩➩-
U+27AA➪➪-
U+27AB➫➫-
U+27AC➬➬-
U+27AD➭➭-
U+27AE➮➮-
U+27AF➯➯-
U+27B1➱➱-
U+27B2➲➲-
U+27B3➳➳-
U+27B5➵➵-
U+27B8➸➸-
U+27BA➺➺-
U+27BB➻➻-
U+27BC➼➼-
U+27BD➽➽-
U+27BE➾➾-
U+2193↓↓↓
U+21A1↡↡↡
U+21A7↧↧-
U+21AF↯↯-
U+21B4↴↴-
U+21C2⇂⇂⇂
U+21C3⇃⇃⇃
U+21CA⇊⇊⇊
U+21D3⇓⇓⇓
U+21DF⇟⇟-
U+21E3⇣⇣-
U+21E9⇩⇩-
U+2965⥥⥥⥥
U+27F1⟱⟱-
U+2908⤈⤈-
U+290B⤋⤋-
U+2913⤓⤓-
U+2935⤵⤵⤵
U+2955⥕⥕-
U+2959⥙⥙-
U+295D⥝⥝-
U+2961⥡⥡-
⥿U+297F⥿⥿⥿
U+2194↔↔↔
U+21AD↭↭↭
U+21AE↮↮↮
U+21CE⇎⇎⇎
U+21D4⇔⇔⇔
U+21F9⇹⇹-
U+21FC⇼⇼-
U+21FF⇿⇿⇿
U+27F7⟷⟷⟷
U+27FA⟺⟺⟺
U+2904⤄⤄⤄
U+2948⥈⥈⥈
U+294A⥊⥊⥊
U+294B⥋⥋⥋
U+294E⥎⥎-
U+2950⥐⥐-
U+2195↕↕↕
U+21D5⇕⇕⇕
U+21F3⇳⇳-
U+21A8↨↨-
U+294C⥌⥌-
U+294D⥍⥍-
U+294F⥏⥏-
U+2951⥑⥑-
U+2196↖↖↖
U+21B8↸↸-
U+21D6⇖⇖⇖
U+21F1⇱⇱-
U+2923⤣⤣⤣
U+2197↗↗↗
U+21D7⇗⇗⇗
U+2924⤤⤤⤤
U+279A➚➚-
U+27B6➶➶-
U+27B9➹➹-
U+2198↘↘↘
U+21D8⇘⇘⇘
U+21F2⇲⇲-
U+2925⤥⤥⤥
U+2798➘➘-
U+27B4➴➴-
U+27B7➷➷-
U+2199↙↙↙
U+21D9⇙⇙⇙
U+2926⤦⤦⤦
U+21B9↹↹-
U+21C4⇄⇄⇄
U+21C6⇆⇆⇆
U+21CB⇋⇋⇋
U+21CC⇌⇌⇌
U+2942⥂⥂-
U+2943⥃⥃-
U+2944⥄⥄-
U+2968⥨⥨⥨
U+2969⥩⥩⥩
U+21C5⇅⇅⇅
U+21F5⇵⇵⇵
U+296E⥮⥮⥮
U+296F⥯⥯⥯
U+2927⤧⤧⤧
U+2928⤨⤨⤨
U+2929⤩⤩⤩
U+292A⤪⤪⤪
U+292B⤫⤫-
U+292C⤬⤬-
U+292D⤭⤭-
U+292E⤮⤮-
U+292F⤯⤯-
U+2930⤰⤰-
U+2931⤱⤱-
U+2932⤲⤲-
U+2921⤡⤡-
U+2922⤢⤢-
U+21B6↶↶↶
U+21BA↺↺↺
U+27F2⟲⟲-
U+2939⤹⤹⤹
U+293A⤺⤺-
U+293B⤻⤻-
U+293D⤽⤽⤽
⤿U+293F⤿⤿-
U+2940⥀⥀-
U+21B7↷↷↷
U+21BB↻↻↻
U+27F3⟳⟳-
U+2938⤸⤸⤸
U+293C⤼⤼⤼
U+293E⤾⤾-
U+2941⥁⥁-
$U+0024$$$
¢U+00A2¢¢¢
£U+00A3£££
U+20AC€€€
¥U+00A5¥¥¥
U+20B9₹₹-
U+5143元元-
¤U+00A4¤¤¤
U+20A0₠₠-
U+20A1₡₡-
U+20A2₢₢-
U+20A3₣₣-
U+20A4₤₤-
U+20A5₥₥-
U+20A6₦₦-
U+20A7₧₧-
U+20A8₨₨-
U+20A9₩₩-
U+20AA₪₪-
U+20AB₫₫-
U+20AD₭₭-
U+20AE₮₮-
U+20AF₯₯-
U+20B0₰₰-
U+20B1₱₱-
U+20B2₲₲-
U+20B3₳₳-
U+20B4₴₴-
U+20B5₵₵-
U+20B8₸₸-
U+09F2৲৲-
U+09F3৳৳-
U+0AF1૱૱-
U+0BF9௹௹-
฿U+0E3F฿฿-
U+17DB៛៛-
U+3350㍐㍐-
U+5186円円-
U+5706圆圆-
U+570E圎圎-
U+5713圓圓-
U+571C圜圜-
U+C6D0원원-
U+FDFC﷼﷼-
U+FF04$$-
U+FFE0¢¢-
U+FFE1££-
U+FFE5¥¥-
U+FFE6₩₩-
U+20BD₽₽-
U+20B6₶₶-
U+20BA₺₺-
U+20BC₼₼-
+U+002B+++
U+2212−−−
×U+00D7×××
÷U+00F7÷÷÷
=U+003D===
U+2260≠≠≠
±U+00B1±±±
¬U+00AC¬¬¬
<U+003C&#x3c;&#60;&lt;
>U+003E&#x3e;&#62;&gt;
U+22DC&#x22DC;&#8924;-
U+22DD&#x22DD;&#8925;-
ƒU+0192&#x192;&#402;&fnof;
%U+0025&#x25;&#37;&percnt;
U+0089&#x89;&#137;&permil;
U+2031&#x2031;&#8241;&pertenk;
U+2200&#x2200;&#8704;&forall;
U+2201&#x2201;&#8705;&comp;
U+2202&#x2202;&#8706;&part;
U+2203&#x2203;&#8707;&exist;
U+2204&#x2204;&#8708;&nexist;
U+2205&#x2205;&#8709;&empty;
U+2206&#x2206;&#8710;-
U+2207&#x2207;&#8711;&nabla;
U+2208&#x2208;&#8712;&isin;
U+2209&#x2209;&#8713;&notin;
U+220A&#x220A;&#8714;-
U+220B&#x220B;&#8715;&ni;
U+220C&#x220C;&#8716;&notni;
U+220D&#x220D;&#8717;-
U+220E&#x220E;&#8718;-
U+220F&#x220F;&#8719;&prod;
U+2210&#x2210;&#8720;&coprod;
U+2211&#x2211;&#8721;&sum;
U+2213&#x2213;&#8723;&mnplus;
U+2214&#x2214;&#8724;&plusdo;
U+2215&#x2215;&#8725;-
U+2216&#x2216;&#8726;&setminus;
U+2217&#x2217;&#8727;&lowast;
U+2218&#x2218;&#8728;&compfn;
U+2219&#x2219;&#8729;-
U+221A&#x221A;&#8730;&radic;
U+221B&#x221B;&#8731;-
U+221C&#x221C;&#8732;-
U+221D&#x221D;&#8733;&prop;
U+221E&#x221E;&#8734;&infin;
U+221F&#x221F;&#8735;&angrt;
U+2220&#x2220;&#8736;&ang;
U+2221&#x2221;&#8737;&angmsd;
U+2222&#x2222;&#8738;&angsph;
U+2223&#x2223;&#8739;&mid;
U+2224&#x2224;&#8740;&nmid;
U+2225&#x2225;&#8741;&parallel;
U+2226&#x2226;&#8742;&npar;
U+2227&#x2227;&#8743;&and;
U+2228&#x2228;&#8744;&or;
U+2229&#x2229;&#8745;&cap;
U+222A&#x222A;&#8746;&cup;
U+222B&#x222B;&#8747;&int;
U+222C&#x222C;&#8748;&Int;
U+222D&#x222D;&#8749;&iiint;
U+222E&#x222E;&#8750;&conint;
U+222F&#x222F;&#8751;&Conint;
U+2230&#x2230;&#8752;&Cconint;
U+2231&#x2231;&#8753;&cwint;
U+2232&#x2232;&#8754;&cwconint;
U+2233&#x2233;&#8755;&awconint;
U+2234&#x2234;&#8756;&there4;
U+2235&#x2235;&#8757;&because;
U+2236&#x2236;&#8758;&ratio;
U+2237&#x2237;&#8759;&Colon;
U+2238&#x2238;&#8760;&minusd;
U+2239&#x2239;&#8761;-
U+223A&#x223A;&#8762;&mDDot;
U+223B&#x223B;&#8763;&homtht;
U+223C&#x223C;&#8764;&sim;
U+223D&#x223D;&#8765;&bsim;
U+223E&#x223E;&#8766;&ac;
U+223F&#x223F;&#8767;&acd;
U+2240&#x2240;&#8768;&wreath;
U+2241&#x2241;&#8769;&nsim;
U+2242&#x2242;&#8770;&esim;
U+2243&#x2243;&#8771;&sime;
U+2244&#x2244;&#8772;&nsime;
U+2245&#x2245;&#8773;&cong;
U+2246&#x2246;&#8774;&simne;
U+2247&#x2247;&#8775;&ncong;
U+2248&#x2248;&#8776;&asymp;
U+2249&#x2249;&#8777;&nap;
U+224A&#x224A;&#8778;&approxeq;
U+224B&#x224B;&#8779;&apid;
U+224C&#x224C;&#8780;&bcong;
U+224D&#x224D;&#8781;&asympeq;
U+224E&#x224E;&#8782;&bump;
U+224F&#x224F;&#8783;&bumpe;
U+2250&#x2250;&#8784;&esdot;
U+2251&#x2251;&#8785;&eDot;
U+2252&#x2252;&#8786;&efDot;
U+2253&#x2253;&#8787;&erDot;
U+2254&#x2254;&#8788;&colone;
U+2255&#x2255;&#8789;&ecolon;
U+2256&#x2256;&#8790;&ecir;
U+2257&#x2257;&#8791;&cire;
U+2258&#x2258;&#8792;-
U+2259&#x2259;&#8793;&wedgeq;
U+225A&#x225A;&#8794;&veeeq;
U+225B&#x225B;&#8795;-
U+225C&#x225C;&#8796;&trie;
U+225D&#x225D;&#8797;-
U+225E&#x225E;&#8798;-
U+225F&#x225F;&#8799;&equest;
U+2261&#x2261;&#8801;&equiv;
U+2262&#x2262;&#8802;&nequiv;
U+2263&#x2263;&#8803;-
U+2264&#x2264;&#8804;&le;
U+2265&#x2265;&#8805;&ge;
U+2266&#x2266;&#8806;&lE;
U+2267&#x2267;&#8807;-
U+2268&#x2268;&#8808;&lnE;
U+2269&#x2269;&#8809;&gnE;
U+226A&#x226A;&#8810;&Lt;
U+226B&#x226B;&#8811;&Gt;
U+226C&#x226C;&#8812;&between;
U+226D&#x226D;&#8813;&NotCupCap;
U+226E&#x226E;&#8814;&nlt;
U+226F&#x226F;&#8815;&ngt;
U+2270&#x2270;&#8816;&nle;
U+2271&#x2271;&#8817;&nge;
U+2272&#x2272;&#8818;&lsim;
U+2273&#x2273;&#8819;&gsim;
U+2274&#x2274;&#8820;&nlsim;
U+2275&#8821;&#8821;&ngsim;
U+2276&#x2276;&#8822;&lg;
U+2277&#x2277;&#8823;&gl;
U+2278&#x2278;&#8824;&ntlg;
U+2279&#x2279;&#8825;&ntgl;
U+227A&#x227A;&#8826;&pr;
U+227B&#x227B;&#8827;&sc;
U+227C&#x227C;&#8828;&prcue;
U+227D&#x227D;&#8829;&sccue;
U+227E&#x227E;&#8830;&prsim;
U+227F&#x227F;&#8831;&scsim;
U+2281&#x2281;&#8833;&nsc;
U+2282&#x2282;&#8834;&sub;
U+2283&#x2283;&#8835;&sup;
U+2284&#x2284;&#8836;&nsub;
U+2285&#x2285;&#8837;&nsup;
U+2286&#x2286;&#8838;&sube;
U+2287&#x2287;&#8839;&supe;
U+2288&#x2288;&#8840;&nsube;
U+2289&#x2289;&#8841;&nsupe;
U+228A&#x228A;&#8842;&subne;
U+228B&#x228B;&#8843;&supne;
U+228C&#x228C;&#8844;-
U+228D&#x228D;&#8845;&cupdot;
U+228E&#x228E;&#8846;&uplus;
U+228F&#x228F;&#8847;&sqsub;
U+2290&#x2290;&#8848;&sqsup;
U+2291&#x2291;&#8849;&sqsube;
U+2292&#x2292;&#8850;&sqsupe;
U+2293&#x2293;&#8851;&sqcap;
U+2294&#x2294;&#8852;&sqcup;
U+2295&#x2295;&#8853;&oplus;
U+2296&#x2296;&#8854;&ominus;
U+2297&#x2297;&#8855;&otimes;
U+2298&#x2298;&#8856;&osol;
U+2299&#x2299;&#8857;&odot;
U+229A&#x229A;&#8858;&ocir;
U+229B&#x229B;&#8859;&oast;
U+229C&#x229C;&#8860;-
U+229D&#x229D;&#8861;&odash;
U+229E&#x229E;&#8862;&plusb;
U+229F&#x229F;&#8863;&minusb;
U+22A0&#x22A0;&#8864;&timesb;
U+22A1&#x22A1;&#8865;&sdotb;
U+22A2&#x22A2;&#8866;&vdash;
U+22A3&#x22A3;&#8867;&dashv;
U+22A4&#x22A4;&#8868;&top;
U+22A5&#x22A5;&#8869;&perp;
U+22A6&#x22A6;&#8870;-
U+22A7&#x22A7;&#8871;&models;
U+22A8&#x22A8;&#8872;&vDash;
U+22A9&#x22A9;&#8873;&Vdash;
U+22AA&#x22AA;&#8874;&Vvdash;
U+22AB&#x22AB;&#8875;&VDash;
U+22AC&#x22AC;&#8876;&nvdash;
U+22AD&#x22AD;&#8877;&nvDash;
U+22AE&#x22AE;&#8878;&nVdash;
U+22AF&#x22AF;&#8879;&nVDash;
U+22B0&#x22B0;&#8880;-
U+22B1&#x22B1;&#8881;-
U+22B2&#x22B2;&#8882;&vltri;
U+22B3&#x22B3;&#8883;&vrtri;
U+22B4&#x22B4;&#8884;&ltrie;
U+22B5&#x22B5;&#8885;&rtrie;
U+22B6&#x22B6;&#8886;&origof;
U+22B7&#x22B7;&#8887;&imof;
U+22B8&#x22B8;&#8888;&mumap;
U+22B9&#x22B9;&#8889;&hercon;
U+22BA&#x22BA;&#8890;&intcal;
U+22BB&#x22BB;&#8891;&veebar;
U+22BC&#x22BC;&#8892;-
U+22BD&#x22BD;&#8893;&barvee;
U+22BE&#x22BE;&#8894;&angrtvb;
U+22BF&#x22BF;&#8895;&lrtri;
U+22C0&#x22C0;&#8896;&xwedge;
U+22C1&#x22C1;&#8897;&xvee;
U+22C2&#x22C2;&#8898;&xcap;
U+22C3&#x22C3;&#8899;&xcup;
U+22C4&#x22C4;&#8900;&diamond;
U+22C5&#x22C5;&#8901;&sdot;
U+22C6&#x22C6;&#8902;&Star;
U+22C7&#x22C7;&#8903;&divonx;
U+22C8&#x22C8;&#8904;&bowtie;
U+22C9&#x22C9;&#8905;&ltimes;
U+22CA&#x22CA;&#8906;&rtimes;
U+22CB&#x22CB;&#8907;&lthree;
U+22CC&#x22CC;&#8908;&rthree;
U+22CD&#x22CD;&#8909;&bsime;
U+22CE&#x22CE;&#8910;&cuvee;
U+22CF&#x22CF;&#8911;&cuwed;
U+22D0&#x22D0;&#8912;&Sub;
U+22D1&#x22D1;&#8913;&Sup;
U+22D2&#x22D2;&#8914;&Cap;
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U+2071&#x2071;&#8305;-
°U+00B0&#xb0;&#176;&deg;
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U+207D&#x207D;&#8317;-
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²U+00B2&#xb2;&#178;&sup2;
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#U+0023&#x23;&#35;&num;
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¡U+00A1&#xa1;&#161;&iexcl;
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«U+00AB&#xab;&#171;&laquo;
­U+00AD&#xad;&#173;&shy;
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´U+00B4&#xb4;&#180;&acute;
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U+2037&#x2037;&#8247;-
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U+2051&#x2051;&#8273;-
U+2052&#x2052;&#8274;-
U+2053&#x2053;&#8275;-
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@U+0040&#x40;&#64;&commat;
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U+2715&#x2715;&#10005;-
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U+2768&#x2768;&#10088;-
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U+2770&#x2770;&#10096;-
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U+2772&#x2772;&#10098;&lbbrk;
U+2773&#x2773;&#x2773;&rbbrk;
U+2774&#x2774;&#10100;-
U+2775&#x2775;&#10101;-
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̐U+0310&#x0310;&#784;-
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1

Complete HTML Example

Reserved characters in prose, a copyright line, and a literal attribute example:

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <title>Entity demo</title>
</head>
<body>

<p>Use &lt;code&gt; &amp; &lt;/div&gt; in tutorials.</p>
<p>This article is &copy; 2026 by Example Co.</p>
<p title="He said &quot;Hello&quot;">Hover for quoted title.</p>

</body>
</html>
Try It Yourself

🌐 Browser Support

Standard character references are supported in all modern browsers when the document uses a Unicode encoding (typically UTF-8):

Chrome 1+
Firefox 1+
Safari 1+
Edge 12+
Opera 4+
Android 4.4+
iOS Safari 1+

👀 Live Preview

A few decoded references as they appear in body text:

Reserved <div> & "text"
Marks © ® ™
Currency €19 · £9 · ¥500
Math 2 × 3 = 6 · ∞ · π ≈ 3.14
Large type © ∞ …

🧠 How It Works

1

Token in markup

The tokenizer sees & and checks for a valid reference pattern before the next ; (or numeric rules for &#…;).

HTML parser
2

Decode to a code point

If the reference is valid, it resolves to one Unicode scalar value (for example U+00A9 for &copy;). Invalid or partial sequences may be left as text or reprocessed per the HTML specification.

Character reference
3

Font and rendering

The DOM stores the character; the glyph comes from the active font stack. Rare symbols need fonts with good Unicode coverage.

CSS fonts
=

Same output, many spellings

&copy;, &#169;, and &#xa9; are equivalent for copyright when valid.

Use Cases

Character references help when you need to:

🔐 Escape reserved characters

Show <, >, &, and quotes inside text or attributes without breaking the parse tree.

💬 Stable source encoding

Keep templates ASCII-only while still emitting symbols and letters from any script.

📄 Documentation

Show literal entity syntax in tutorials without double-escaping confusion.

🤖 Generated HTML

Emit safe markup from databases or JSON where raw Unicode might be mangled by legacy tools.

🎨 Typography

Use dedicated hubs for punctuation and math symbols with copy-paste tables.

📚 Per-character deep dives

Follow links from the index to individual code-point pages with examples and FAQ.

💡 Best Practices

Do

  • Declare <meta charset="utf-8"> and save files as UTF-8
  • Escape &, <, and quotes in attribute values when needed
  • Prefer meaningful named entities when your team finds them readable
  • Use hub tables or the index to copy exact hex or decimal for rare code points
  • Validate pages after bulk entity changes

Don’t

  • Double-escape references inside <code> blocks meant to show literal markup
  • Rely on entities instead of fixing broken UTF-8 headers or mojibake at the source
  • Assume every Unicode character has a short HTML5 name
  • Mix inconsistent spellings for the same glyph in one visible phrase without reason
  • Forget that CSS string escapes use a different syntax than HTML references

Key Takeaways

1

Entities are character references: named, decimal, or hexadecimal

&copy; &#169;
2

They decode to Unicode characters in the DOM, then fonts render glyphs

&lt;
3

This site splits large tables into hubs (alphabet, math, punctuation, …)

4

Use the Ampersand page for rules when & starts markup

5

Use the Escape HTML tool for bulk text

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

It is a character reference in HTML: a short token that the browser replaces with one character. Named examples include &copy; and &nbsp;; numeric forms use &#…; or &#x…;.
Use them for reserved characters, for clarity in teaching materials, or when your toolchain cannot reliably handle UTF-8. Otherwise typing Unicode directly in UTF-8 source is fine.
All three specify the same code point when equivalent: names are mnemonic, decimals use base 10 inside &#…;, hex uses &#x…;. Pick whichever your team prefers for readability.
Use this site’s alphabet hub for Latin letters, plus topic hubs for punctuation, math, currency, numbers, symbols, and arrows. Each glyph also has its own article reachable from the main index.
Use &amp; for a literal ampersand. See the Ampersand tutorial for attribute and double-encoding edge cases.

Browse every HTML entity

Open the alphabet hub or any per-character page from the sidebar to go deeper.

HTML alphabet entities hub →

About the author

Mari Selvan M P
Mari Selvan M P 🔗

Developer, cloud engineer, and technical writer

  • Experience 12 years building web and cloud systems
  • Focus Full Stack Development, AWS, and Developer Education

I write practical tutorials so students and working developers can learn by doing—from databases and APIs to deployment on AWS.

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