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C nested if Statement

Posted in C Tutorial
Updated on Sep 13, 2024
By Mari Selvan
πŸ‘οΈ 25 - Views
⏳ 4 mins
πŸ’¬ 1 Comment
C nested if Statement

Photo Credit to CodeToFun

πŸ™‹ Introduction

The if statement is fundamental to decision-making in C programming. Sometimes, you may need to test multiple conditions in a program, which can be achieved using nested if statements.

This guide will provide an in-depth look at nested if statements, their syntax, and practical examples of their usage.

πŸ€” What is a Nested if Statement?

A nested if statement is an if statement placed inside another if statement. This allows you to check multiple conditions and perform different actions based on those conditions.

πŸ”‘ Key Features

  • Multiple Condition Checking: Allows testing of multiple conditions.
  • Hierarchical Decision Making: Supports complex decision-making processes.
  • Flexibility: Offers flexibility in defining conditions and actions.

πŸ’‘ Syntax

The syntax for nested if statements involves placing one if statement inside another. Here’s a general structure:

example.c
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if (condition1) {
  // Executes when condition1 is true
  if (condition2) {
    // Executes when condition2 is true
  }
}

Example: Basic Nested if Statement

example.c
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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
  int num = 10;

  if (num > 0) {
    printf("Number is positive\n");

    if (num % 2 == 0) {
      printf("Number is even\n");
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

πŸ’» Output

In this example, the program checks if num is positive and then checks if it is even.

Output
Number is positive
Number is even

Practical Examples

  1. Example 1: Checking Multiple Conditions

    example.c
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    #include <stdio.h>
    
    int main() {
      int age = 20;
      int grade = 85;
    
      if (age >= 18) {
        if (grade >= 60) {
          printf("Eligible for admission\n");
        } else {
          printf("Not eligible due to low grade\n");
        }
      } else {
        printf("Not eligible due to age\n");
      }
    
      return 0;
    }

    This program checks if a person is eligible for admission based on age and grade.

  2. Example 2: Nested if-else Statements

    example.c
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    #include <stdio.h>
    
    int main() {
      int number = -5;
    
      if (number >= 0) {
        if (number == 0) {
          printf("Number is zero\n");
        } else {
          printf("Number is positive\n");
        }
      } else {
        printf("Number is negative\n");
      }
    
      return 0;
    }

    In this example, the program distinguishes between zero, positive, and negative numbers using nested if-else statements.

Common Pitfalls and Best Practices

  1. Readability:

    Nested if statements can become complex and hard to read. To improve readability:

    • Indentation: Use proper indentation to highlight nested structures.
    • Comments: Add comments to explain the logic of complex conditions.
  2. Logical Complexity:

    Avoid excessive nesting to prevent logical complexity. Consider using logical operators (&&, ||) or else if for simpler conditions.

    example.c
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    #include <stdio.h>
    
    int main() {
      int num = 10;
    
      if (num > 0 && num % 2 == 0) {
        printf("Number is positive and even\n");
      }
    
      return 0;
    }

    This example simplifies the nested if statement by combining conditions using the logical && operator.

  3. Nested if-else-if Ladder:

    In cases with multiple conditions, consider using an if-else-if ladder for better readability and structure.

    example.c
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    #include <stdio.h>
    
    int main() {
      int marks = 75;
    
      if (marks >= 90) {
        printf("Grade: A\n");
      } else if (marks >= 80) {
        printf("Grade: B\n");
      } else if (marks >= 70) {
        printf("Grade: C\n");
      } else if (marks >= 60) {
        printf("Grade: D\n");
      } else {
        printf("Grade: F\n");
      }
    
        return 0;
    }

    This example uses an if-else-if ladder to assign grades based on marks.

πŸŽ‰ Conclusion

Nested if statements are a powerful tool in C programming for handling multiple conditions and making complex decisions. By understanding their syntax and best practices, you can write more efficient and readable code.

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Author

author
πŸ‘‹ Hey, I'm Mari Selvan

For over eight years, I worked as a full-stack web developer. Now, I have chosen my profession as a full-time blogger at codetofun.com.

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